Native metalloenzymes are unparalleled in their ability to perform efficient small molecule activation reactions, converting simple substrates into complex products. Most of these natural systems possess multiple metallocofactors to facilitate electron transfer or cascade catalysis. While the field of artificial metalloenzymes is growing at a rapid rate, examples of artificial enzymes that leverage two distinct cofactors remai...

Aim In the alpine life zone, plant diversity is strongly determined by local topography and microclimate. We assessed the extent to which aspect and its relatedness to temperature affect plant species diversity, and the colonization and disappearance of species on alpine summits on a pan‐European scale. Location Mountain summits in Europe's alpine life zone. Methods Vascular plant species and their percentage cover were record...

Summary We recently identified a hypervirulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , differing significantly from the classical strains in that it lacks the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), a major determinant of P. aeruginosa virulence. This new strain secretes a novel toxin, called ExlA, which induces plasma membrane rupture in host cells. For this study, we collected 18 other exlA ‐positive T3SS‐negative strains, analyzed their...

As part of a genomics strategy to characterize inducible defences against insect herbivory in poplar, we developed a comprehensive suite of functional genomics resources including cDNA libraries, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and a cDNA microarray platform. These resources are designed to complement the existing poplar genome sequence and poplar ( Populus spp.) ESTs by focusing on herbivore‐ and elicitor‐treated tissues and i...