The circadian rhythm is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in various organisms with a cycle of about 24 hours. Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting biological rhythm. To clarify whether a shift in light spectrum can influence the circadian expression in fish brain, a total of 175 European seabasses [body weight: 32.5 ± 0.71) g; body length: (13.78 ± 0.35) cm] were exposed to white light (WL), red...

Using station rainfall data extracted from two comprehensive data sets, we show that large decreasing rainfall trends were widespread in the Sahel (10–20°N and 18°W–20°E) from the late 1950s to the late 1980s. Thereafter, Sahel rainfall has recovered somewhat through 2003, although the drought conditions have not ended in the region. These results confirm the findings of many previous studies. We also found that large multi‐ye...