Introduction While indoor aquaculture has expanded globally, optimal lighting strategies for fish growth remain understudied. This study aims to establish optimal LED protocols for indoor-reared Takifugu rubripes larvae. Methods T. rubripes larvae were maintained at 50, 250, 500, and 750 mW/m 2 (i50, i250, i500, i750) from hatching through 30 DPH. Growth, gene expression, and enzyme activities were measured. Results Positive g...