The investigation of future marine heatwave (MHW) trends in a changing climate is seriously hindered by the inability of current-generation global climate models (GCMs) to accurately reproduce high-frequency sea surface temperature (SST) variations. This limitation of GCMs is due to their coarse resolution and lack of parameterization for important small-scale processes. In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid model that co...

The operational principle of offshore wind farms (OWF) is to extract kinetic energy from the atmosphere and convert it into electricity. Consequently, a region of reduced wind speed in the shadow zone of an OWF, the so-called wind-wake, is generated. As there is a horizontal wind speed deficit between the wind-wake and the undisturbed neighboring regions, the locally reduced surface stress results in an adjusted Ekman transpor...

The impact of fortnightly stratification variability induced by tide–topography interaction on the generation of baroclinic tides in the Luzon Strait is numerically investigated using the MIT general circulation model. The simulation shows that advection of buoyancy by baroclinic flows results in daily oscillations and a fortnightly variability in the stratification at the main generation site of internal tides. As the stratif...

Lead–lag correlations between the subsurface temperature and salinity anomalies in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are revealed in model results, ocean synthesis, and observations. Mechanisms for such correlations are further investigated using the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM), mainly relating to the salinity variability. It is found that the subsurface salinity anomaly of the BoB positively cor...

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to strengthen upwelling events worldwide, driven by an increase of upwelling-favorable winds. However, Earth System Models (ESM) tend to underestimate regional processes due to their coarse grid resolution, which can lead to local biases. We use a high-resolution ocean model ( $${1/12}^{\circ }$$ 1 / 12 ∘ ) forced by results from the Max-Planck-Institute-ESM to analyze the impact of the...

The seasonal mean and synoptic fluctuation of the wintertime Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) were investigated using a well-validated finite volume community ocean model. The spatial distribution and dynamics of the synoptic fluctuation were highlighted. The seasonal mean of the wintertime TWC has two branches: an inshore branch between the 30 and 100 m isobaths and an offshore branch between the 100 and 200 m isobaths. The Coriolis...

Life cycle closure for species inhabiting areas with daily varying currents but directed net water transport requires specific behavior to minimize losses due to advection of passive drifting life stages. Variations in swimming activity of different‐sized C rangon crangon (15–65 mm total length) were therefore monitored under constant laboratory conditions immediately after being caught in the G erman W adden S ea. Activity of...

Existing studies on recent global warming are almost exclusively based on environmental data from the Earth's surface. Seasonal information on the effects of climate change on subsurface settings of mid to high latitudes is extremely scarce. Here, we present the first temperature proxy record from bottom (c. 50 m) water settings of the North Sea employing the oxygen isotope composition of ocean quahog shells. Results indicate...