Fluoride (F¯) is a global geogenic contaminant in groundwater, occurring at elevated concentrations across almost every continent. While optimal fluoride intake benefits dental health, levels exceeding the WHO safe limit (1.5 mg L −1 ) can cause dental fluorosis and even severe skeletal fluorosis, with drinking water being the primary exposure pathway. Understanding the global occurrence and geochemistry of fluoride in groundw...

Water quality is a critical global issue, especially in urban and semi-urban regions where natural and anthropogenic factors significantly influence surface water systems. This study evaluates the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in the North of Tehran Rivers (NTRs), an essential water resource in a rapidly urbanizing region, using advanced clustering techniques, including Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA),...

Purpose of Review This study aims to review recent literature reporting wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) with a major focus on sample collection, processing, and public health safety issues. Recent Findings Various studies revealed the presence of MPXV genetic markers in sewage, wastewater treatment plants, and drainage systems of hospitals in multiple countries. Summary Mpox (formally monkeypo...