The monitoring of harmful algal blooms (HABs) constitutes a vital component of marine environmental protection and the sustainable development of the marine economy. However, the highly dynamic nature of these small targets, compounded by the complex water color interference prevalent in the coastal waters where HABs frequently occur, has resulted in traditional remote sensing monitoring methods, particularly those relying on...

This study investigates how the digital economy reduces pollution and carbon emissions (RPCE) in the Yellow River Basin through three core mechanisms: (1) enabling real-time environmental monitoring and precision regulation, (2) fostering enterprise green production via digital transformation, and (3) driving technological innovation and industrial upgrading, proposing three testable hypotheses on these pathways. Indicators fo...