9Forests represent a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize carbon storage offer one avenue for mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our understanding of relationships between forest management, productivity, carbon storage, and stand age, however, is limited. We established research plots in a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine stands in northern Minneso...

The performance of low cost drip irrigation (LCDI) compared to hand watering (HW), as well as NPK fertilizer briquette deep placement (FBDP) compared to conventional compound fertilizer (CCF), for vegetable production was evaluated. Yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased significantly with LCDI compared to HW on cucumber (13 and 41%), sponge gourd (85 and 129%), eggplant (38 and 113%), bitter gourd (121 and 35%) and lo...

We present and compare direct and indirect pCO 2 observations taken in Lake Superior in the last decade and use them to understand temporal and spatial variability in lake carbon cycle processes. In situ observations from 2001 and biannual survey data for 1996–2006 indicate that Lake Superior was, on average, supersaturated (annual mean = 46.7 ± 17.3 Pa [461 ± 171 μatm]) with respect to atmospheric pCO 2 (mean = 38.3 ± 0.6 Pa)...

The invasion of woody plants into grass‐dominated ecosystems has occurred worldwide during the past century with potentially significant impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, ecosystem carbon sequestration and global climate warming. To date, most studies of tree and shrub encroachment impacts on SOC have been conducted at small scales and results are equivocal. To quantify the effects of woody plant proliferation on S...