In 2016, Dematophora necatrix , the causal agent of white root rot (WRR), was identified in an avocado orchard in South Africa. Since then, this pathogen has spread to all avocado-growing regions in the country. This study aimed to evaluate the in-field efficacy of the biological control product EXTRASOL ( Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloquefaciens subsp. plantarum ) and the fungicide fluazinam against WRR in two commercia...

Silurian and Devonian chitinozoans and scolecodonts are recorded from strata of the Hida‐Gaien Terrane, central Honshu. Silurian chitinozoans include Eisenackitina , Bursachitina , and the species Angochitina elongata . The latter provides a precise biostratigraphical tie between the Japanese succession and the Type Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland, UK, and indicates a Ludlow age (Gorstian or early Ludfordian) for the upp...

The ecological impacts of wildland fire‐suppression activities can be significant and may surpass the impacts of the fire itself. A recent paradigm shift from fire control to fire management has resulted in increased attention to minimizing the negative effects of suppression. While the philosophy behind minimum‐impact suppression tactics has provided a good first step in this direction, increased attention to the ecological e...