Tropical forests harbour a large proportion of Earth’s insect biodiversity. Tropical forest structure produces layers of habitat from the cooler, wetter understorey to the hotter, drier canopy, which provide stratified resources for inhabitants. This gradient of biotic and abiotic factors results in vertically stratified insect communities, often with different assemblages in the understorey and canopy. Vertical distributions...

There is an increasing need for new approach methodologies (NAMs) for safety assessment of nanomaterials (NMs) in order to keep pace with innovation. In vitro assays are useful tools during pre-market hazard screening approaches of NMs to prioritize safe(r) candidate NMs and reduce the amount of regulatory testing required. For pre-regulatory hazard screening applications, it is crucial that in vitro assays have the capacity t...

Heat stress can increase disease risk in fishes by reducing immune function. Interactions between redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) and Flavobacterium columnare , a causative agent of columnaris disease, provide an opportunity to investigate the effects of temperature on immune function and disease resistance during periods of thermal stress. We conducted three trials to characterise differences in immune functio...

SCA6 patients with the same size CAG repeat allele can vary significantly in age at onset (AAO) and clinical progression. The specific external factors affecting SCA6 have yet to be investigated. We assessed the effect of early life events on AAO, severity, and progression in SCA6 patients using a social determinant of health approach. We performed a survey of biological and social factors in SCA6 patients enrolled in the SCA6...

Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the evidence regarding the short-term effect of air pollution on cardio- and cerebrovascular hospitalisations in areas with relatively low air pollution levels is limited. This study aims to examine the effect of short-term exposure to different air pollutants on hospital admissions due to cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases...

Consistent individual differences in behavior, commonly termed animal personality , are a widespread phenomenon across taxa that have important consequences for fitness, natural selection, and trophic interactions. Animal personality research may prove useful in several conservation contexts, but which contexts remains to be determined. We conducted a structured literature review of 654 studies identified by combining search t...