Introduction Seizures are the most common neurological emergency in children. Heterogeneous causes, subtypes, and varying treatment responses make seizures a complex and often unpredictable challenge for clinicians. The management of acute seizures in children, particularly in the outpatient setting, received relatively limited attention in international treatment guidelines. Prompt and proper management in the acute setting,...

Many field studies have demonstrated that soil temperature explains most of the temporal variation in soil respiration ( SR ). However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that SR is also influenced by current, or recent, photosynthate. Accordingly, seasonal changes in SR nominally attributed to temperature may, in part, be due to seasonality in photosynthesis. Within a mixed coniferous–deciduous temperate forest, we measu...

The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 )‐levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO 2 increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 on woody biomass production of three poplar species ( Populus alba L. clone 2AS‐11, Populus nigra L. clone Jean Pourtet and Populus × euramericana clone I‐214). Trees were grow...

To compare the benefits for carbon (C) sequestration of afforestation with a multifunctional oak–beech forest vs. a poplar short‐rotation coppice (SRC), model simulations were run through a serial linkage of a mechanistic model and an accounting model. The process model SECRETS (Stand to Ecosystem CaRbon and EvapoTranspiration Simulator) was used to predict growth, C allocation and soil C. The output from SECRETS was used as a...

The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (SR) is often estimated from the seasonal changes in the flux relative to those in soil temperature, and subsequently used in models to interpolate or predict soil fluxes. However, temperature sensitivities derived from seasonal changes in SR (from here on denoted seasonal Q 10 ) may not solely reflect the temperature sensitivity of SR, because seasonal changes in SR can also be...

In a “terra firme” rain forest (Amazonian Ecuador) we quantified the species abundance distribution, gap size, gap isolation, sapling diversity, and gap community similarity for 24 initial gap communities. The pooled community distributions showed a log-series distribution, mainly because 2-D space was partitioned during the forest cycle's first stages, and randomness is accepted as influencing both species arrival and gap for...

Modelling is used to predict long‐term forest responses to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Although productivity models are based on light intercepted by the canopy, very little experimental data are available for closed forest stands. Nevertheless, the relationships between light inside a canopy, leaf area, canopy structure, and individual leaf characteristics may be affected by elevated CO 2 , affecting in turn ca...

Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were grown in open top chambers for three years under ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations. The trees were aged 3 y at the beginning of the CO 2 exposure, and the effects of the treatment on total stem volume, stem wood biomass, wood quality and wood anatomy were examined at the end of the exposure. The elevated CO 2 treatment lead to a 49% and 38% increase in stem biomass and stem w...

Summary This paper presents CO 2 flux data from 18 forest ecosystems, studied in the European Union funded EUROFLUX project. Overall, mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP, the total amount of carbon (C) fixed during photosynthesis) of these forests was 1380 ± 330 gC m −2 y −1 (mean ±SD). On average, 80% of GPP was respired by autotrophs and heterotrophs and released back into the atmosphere (total ecosystem respiration,...