R. H. Devlin results 21
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Refining the in vitro release test method for a dapivirine-releasing vaginal ring to match in vivo performanceNARA Subscribed
Previously reported in vitro release test methods for drug-releasing vaginal rings containing poorly water-soluble drugs have described use of water-alcohol systems or surfactant solutions in efforts to maintain sink conditions. Here, as part of efforts to more closely match in vitro and in vivo release for the 25 mg dapivirine matrix-type silicone elastomer vaginal ring for HIV prevention, we have investigated alternatives to...
Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and so...
Spatial and temporal analysis of the risks posed by metal contamination in coastal and marine sediments of BahrainNARA Subscribed
Nine metals including Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were analysed from sediment samples collected from 29 stations since 2007 from Bahraini waters. Within this study, it was investigated whether concentrations of these determinants are at concentrations above internationally established Assessment Criteria (AC). The majority of sites were considered not to pose a toxicological risk in terms of metal contamination. Wher...
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyon...
Assessing the capacity for compensatory growth in growth‐hormone transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutchNARA Subscribed
The effect of feed cycling (consisting of periods of starvation followed by periods of refeeding to satiation) on compensatory growth was evaluated in growth hormone transgenic and non‐transgenic wild‐type coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch . The specific growth rate ( G SR ) of feed‐restricted non‐transgenic O. kisutch was not significantly different from the G SR of fully‐fed non‐transgenic O. kisutch during two refeeding peri...
Australia's Great Barrier Reef ( GBR ) is under pressure from a suite of stressors including cyclones, crown‐of‐thorns starfish ( COTS ), nutrients from river run‐off and warming events that drive mass coral bleaching. Two key questions are: how vulnerable will the GBR be to future environmental scenarios, and to what extent can local management actions lower vulnerability in the face of climate change? To address these questi...
Behaviour of growth hormone transgenic coho salmon O ncorhynchus kisutch in marine mesocosms assessed by acoustic tag telemetryNARA Subscribed
Underwater acoustic tag telemetry was used to assess behavioural differences between juvenile wild‐type ( i.e. non‐transgenic, NT ) and growth hormone ( GH ) transgenic (T) coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in a contained simulated ocean environment. T O. kisutch were found across days to maintain higher baseline swimming speeds than NT O. kisutch and differences in response to feeding were detected between T and NT genotypes....
Upper thermal tolerance of wild‐type, domesticated and growth hormone‐transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutchNARA Subscribed
In coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch , no significant differences in critical thermal maximum ( c. 26·9° C, C Tmax ) were observed among size‐matched wild‐type, domesticated, growth hormone ( GH )‐transgenic fish fed to satiation, and GH ‐transgenic fish on a ration‐restricted diet. Instead, GH ‐transgenic fish fed to satiation had significantly higher maximum heart rate and Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (mean ± s.e. = 17·3...
Transgenic and wild‐type individual coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were reared in hatchery and near‐natural stream conditions and their brain and structure sizes were determined. Animals reared in the hatchery grew larger and developed larger brains, both absolutely and when controlling for body size. In both environments, transgenics developed relatively smaller brains than wild types. Further, the volume of the optic tectu...
In this study, individual growth patterns of wild‐type and growth‐enhanced coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch at 8, 12 and 16° C water temperature were followed. Despite large differences among individuals in growth rates, there was generally little variation in the shape of the growth curves among O. kisutch individuals of both genotypes and at all temperatures. Typically, individuals that were relatively large initially were a...
Wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. strains have greater growth potential than a domesticated strain selected for fast growthNARA Subscribed
A study was undertaken to examine the responses of three Atlantic salmon Salmo salar strains to growth hormone (GH) treatment. A positive growth response to sustained‐release GH implants was found in two wild strains (Namsen and Imsa) as well as one domesticated strain (AquaGen). The data revealed that the growth‐selected AquaGen strain has further growth potential, however, a stronger growth response was observed in the wild...
Gut size in GH‐transgenic coho salmon is enhanced by both the GHtransgene and increased food intakeNARA Subscribed
Growth hormone transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch fed at the same ration level as non‐transgenic controls (Tc) had the same growth rate as non‐transgenic controls (Nt). In contrast, growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Tf) fed ad libitum ate about twice as much and had much higher growth rates than the other two groups. The most obvious result was the significantly larger caeca in the Tf group relative to both Nt or...
Disease resistance, stress response and effects of triploidy in growth hormone transgenic coho salmonNARA Subscribed
Diploid and triploid coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch transgenic for growth hormone (GH) and control coho salmon were compared for differences in disease resistance and stress response. Resistance to the bacterial pathogen Vibrio anguillarum was not affected in transgenic fish relative to their non‐transgenic counterparts when they were infected at the fry stage, but was lower in transgenic fish when infected near smolting. Va...
Oxygen uptake of growth hormone transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was measured in individual fish with a closed‐system respirometer and was compared with that of similar‐sized non‐transgenic control coho salmon during starvation and when fed a fixed ration or to satiation. Transgenic and control fish did not differ in their standard oxygen uptake after 4 days of starvation, although control fish had a higher routine...
Swimming performance, oxygen consumption and excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption in adult transgenic and ocean‐ranched coho salmonNARA Subscribed
Routine oxygen consumption ( M o 2 ) was 35% higher in 1 day starved and 21% higher in 4 day starved adult transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch relative to end of migration ocean‐ranched coho salmon. Critical swimming speed ( U crit ) and M o 2 at U crit ( M o 2max ) were significantly lower in 4 day starved transgenic coho salmon (1·25 BL s −1 ; 8·79 mg O 2 kg −1 min −1 ) compared to ocean‐ranched coho salmon (1·60 BL...
In two GH transgenic coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch , the surface area of the intestine was 2·2 times that of control salmon and the growth rate was about twice that of controls. It seems likely that the enhanced intestinal surface area is a compensatory feature that is manifested in fast growing salmonids.
Transgenesis changes body and head shape in Pacific salmonNARA Subscribed
Insertion of a pOnMTGH1 gene construct into coho salmon altered centroid size significantly (P
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