We evaluated the effects of regional environment and body size on the nutritional traits of five small pelagic species differing in habitat use, feeding behavior, and importance as prey for top predators in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME). Northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ), bigfin lanternfish ( Symbolophorus californiensis ), market squid ( Doryteuthis opalescens ), and boreal clubhook squid ( Onychot...

A large number of drugs and compounds produced by the chemical and agrochemical industry, often referred to as ‘non-genotoxic carcinogens’ (NGC), score as tumour promotors in rodent models. It is unclear whether these compounds act similarly in humans. The most extensively investigated compounds have been the anti-convulsive drugs, phenobarbital (PB), and phenytoin. Liver tumours induced by PB are dependent upon the activation...

The plastids of algae and plants originated on a single occasion from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium at least a billion years ago. Despite the divergent evolution that characterizes the plastids of different lineages, many traits such as membrane organization and means of fission are universal—they pay tribute to the cyanobacterial origin of the organelle. For one such trait, the peptidoglycan (PG) layer, the situation is mor...

Aim Comparing genetic structure in species with shared spatial ranges and ecological niches can help identify how dissimilar aspects of biology can shape differences in population connectivity. Similarly, where species are widely distributed across heterogeneous environments and major topographic barriers, knowledge of the structuring of populations can help reveal the impacts of factors which limit dispersal and/or drive dive...

Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) is a human health concern for shellfish aquaculture and wild harvest. This paper discusses lessons learned from a forecasting program for PSP in coastal Maine, USA, designed based on stakeholder input, and run in an operational mode for the 2021 season. The forecast uses a deep learning algorithm to make site-specific, probabilistic forecasts at a weekly forecast range for toxin levels measured...

Aim Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal spec...

Aim Topographic complexity is widely accepted as a key driver of biodiversity, but at the patch‐scale, complexity–biodiversity relationships may vary spatially and temporally according to the environmental stressors complexity mitigates, and the species richness and identity of potential colonists. Using a manipulative experiment, we assessed spatial variation in patch‐scale effects of complexity on intertidal biodiversity. Lo...

Predictive test guidelines for Huntington’s disease (HD) recommend individuals are offered opportunities to participate in research regardless of test outcome. Consistent with most HD centres of excellence, the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (MCGM) invites eligible individuals to participate in the observational study, Enroll-HD. Limited research has been conducted to date on the views of research participants and the...

The European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Analysis Scheme ( ENSARS ) was developed in response to European ‘Council Regulation No. 708/2007 of 11 June 2007 concerning use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture’ to provide protocols for identifying and evaluating the potential risks of using non‐native species in aquaculture. ENSARS is modular in structure and adapted from non‐native species risk assessmen...

This study examined sex‐specific differences in home range size of adult Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins off Bunbury, Western Australia. We applied a new kernel density estimation approach that accounted for physical barriers to movements. A Bayesian mixture model was developed to estimate a sex effect in home range size with latent group partitioning constrained by association data. A post hoc analysis investigated group par...

Effects of climatic oscillations on populations in marine environments are produced mainly through the lower trophic levels. Marine mammals, as top predators, are affected indirectly by these fluctuations, showing variations in their survival, growth and reproduction. The main objective of this study was to determine whether we could detect the effect of climatic oscillations on Commerson's dolphins ( Cephalorhynchus c. commer...