Introduction Maritime transport is a major source of air pollutants yet remains one of the least regulated sectors globally. In the North Sea, vessel activity associated with offshore energy infrastructure decommissioning is expected to increase over the next decade. However, vessel-specific emissions during these activities remain poorly quantified, with existing approaches relying largely on coarse-scale estimates. This stud...

Introduction Crop mixtures can be an important part of the toolkit for maintaining crop production while addressing the climate and nature crises. However, uncertainties around some issues may prevent their uptake. Research question This study addressed several uncertainties, specifically the response of mixture yields to climate and management, and the impacts of mixed cropping on seed chemical composition, soil carbon and nu...

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing coh...

The spread of nonindigenous species by shipping is a large and growing global problem that harms coastal ecosystems and economies and may blur coastal biogeographical patterns. This study coupled eukaryotic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with dissimilarity regression to test the hypothesis that ship‐borne species spread homogenizes port communities. We first collected and metabarcoded water samples from ports in Europe...

Documented cases of cetacean births in the wild are rare. While there are currently no direct observations of a complete humpback whale birth, they are one of the few large whale species where observers have been present during a birthing event. We compiled eye‐witnessed accounts of all known humpback whale birthing events and found nine well‐documented cases globally (three published and six “new” unpublished). In two‐thirds...

Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) are known to interfere with attacking killer whales ( Orcinus orca ). To investigate why, we reviewed accounts of 115 interactions between them. Humpbacks initiated the majority of interactions (57% vs . 43%; n = 72), although the killer whales were almost exclusively mammal‐eating forms ( MEKW s, 95%) vs . fish‐eaters (5%; n = 108). When MEKW s approached humpbacks ( n = 27), they at...

The A tlantic bluefin tuna ( T hunnus thynnus ) population in the western A tlantic supports substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite quota establishment and management under the auspices of the International Commission for the Conservation of A tlantic T unas, only small increases in population growth have been estimated. In contrast to other western bluefin tuna fisheries indices, contemporary estimates of...

Stable carbon (Δ 13 C) and oxygen (Δ 18 O) in the otolith cores of Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) vary temporally, with changes that quantitatively follow interdecadal variation in atmospheric and oceanic reservoirs. Both carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures vary significantly by year of birth over the range investigated (1947‐2006), with Δ 13 C decreasing and Δ 18 O increasing (‐2.56 × 10 −2 ‰ and 4.3 × 10 −3 ‰ yr...

Declines of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976–77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial an...

Predicted changes in the global climate are likely to cause large shifts in the geographic ranges of many plant and animal species. To date, predictions of future range shifts have relied on a variety of modeling approaches with different levels of model accuracy. Using a common data set, we investigated the potential implications of alternative modeling approaches for conclusions about future range shifts and extinctions. Our...