R. Patterson results 166
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Acorn woodpeckers alter resource use, group size, and spring productivity across an urban landscapeNARA Subscribed
Access to suitable resources shapes the evolution and maintenance of avian cooperative breeding by influencing whether an individual will have a greater chance of survival and reproduction by dispersing or remaining on a natal territory. Cooperatively-breeding species exhibit altered dispersal according to food availability and habitat quality, but the relationship between resource use, group size, and reproduction in human-al...
Including Fitness and Health Proxies Can Alter Our Understanding of Habitat SelectionNARA Subscribed
Habitat selection analyses, which discern the environmental conditions individuals select, often inform conservation planning. Through a literature review, we demonstrate that recent habitat selection studies rarely include fitness and health information. With a simulation study, we show that ignoring such information could support the protection of sink habitats. Our case studies demonstrate how health and fitness proxies can...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonise the Nodules of Phosphite‐Treated Agathis australisNARA Subscribed
Agathis australis (kauri), the only member of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae in New Zealand, is colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The survival of A. australis is threatened by an Oomycota, Phytophthora agathidicida , the causal agent of kauri dieback. Phosphite injections into the trunk are the primary treatment for kauri dieback and have proven effective in reducing disease symptoms. However, the poten...
Quantifying animal movements is necessary for answering a wide array of research questions in ecology and conservation biology. Consequently, ecologists have made considerable efforts to identify the best way to estimate an animal's home range, and many methods of estimating home ranges have arisen over the past half a century. Most of these methods fall into two distinct categories of estimators that have only recently been d...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Bomb radiocarbon reveals keratin growth dynamics in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtlesNARA Subscribed
Incrementally formed biological tissues can serve as archives of biochemical information pertaining to the life histories of organisms. The sequential isotopic analysis of marine turtle scute keratin is increasingly used for ecological reconstruction, but the timescales represented by these tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we present a method to establish scute growth rates using sequential radiocarbon ( 14 C) measureme...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Multi‐Decadal Changes in Co‐Occurrence of Migrating Landbirds Are Associated With Species‐Specific Changes in Phenology and AbundanceNARA Subscribed
Human‐induced changes to the climate and environment have precipitated dramatic declines in abundance and shifts in plant and animal phenologies. These changes have been especially pronounced for migratory species that rely on numerous geographic locations throughout the year. Migratory bird species are notable in the number of species that have experienced both declines in abundance and shifts in phenology over the past 50 ye...
Opportunity Knocks: Leveraging Offshore Wind Development as a Natural Experiment to Address the Ecological Function of Artificial ReefsNARA Subscribed
Artificial structures deployed in marine environments as reefs are often presumed to increase fish production. However, our literature review found a lack of evidence, with only 12 studies empirically quantifying secondary production at artificial reefs, and only three studies using a control site. We propose the forthcoming large‐scale construction of offshore wind (OSW) energy structures presents a natural experiment to exam...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
Observing air-sea interactions on a global scale is essential for improving Earth system forecasts. Yet these exchanges are challenging to quantify for a range of reasons, including extreme conditions, vast and remote under-sampled locations, requirements for a multitude of co-located variables, and the high variability of fluxes in space and time. Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) present a novel solution for measuring these c...
SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of specie...
The biodiversity of ice‐free Antarctica databaseNARA Subscribed
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide‐ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice‐free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity–relate...
Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing coh...