Climate change poses an unprecedented risk to fisheries ecosystems and economies globally. Ocean warming has led to observed geographic shifts and changes in the productivity of fish stocks. Due to the rapid pace of change in many of the world's oceans, there is a critical need to develop and apply scientific knowledge and tools that can help account for non‐stationarity and integrate climate and ecosystem drivers into fishery...

Large volume, intermediate-felsic magma reservoirs are the source of melt and mineralising fluids which generate porphyry copper deposits. Cooling and crystallisation of hydrous magmas drives the exsolution and expulsion of a magmatic volatile phase—a process which remains challenging to constrain in porphyry Cu systems where the record of magma volatile compositions is rarely preserved. Here, we use the halogen compositions o...

9Forests represent a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize carbon storage offer one avenue for mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Our understanding of relationships between forest management, productivity, carbon storage, and stand age, however, is limited. We established research plots in a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine stands in northern Minneso...

Tropical peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycling but little is known about factors regulating carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes from these ecosystems. Here, we test the hypotheses that (i) CO 2 and CH 4 are produced mainly from surface peat and (ii) that the contribution of subsurface peat to net C emissions is governed by substrate availability. To achieve this, in situ and ex situ CO 2 a...

Some plants of Polystichum from the Chatham Islands exhibit morphological character states unknown from the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Several workers have suggested that these plants should be given taxonomic recognition. However, analyses of morphological and molecular (AFLP‐DNA fingerprinting) data provide no strong evidence that these morphologically divergent Chatham Islands plants constitute an evolutionary...

Aim and location New Zealand began to separate from Gondwana c. 85 Ma, and has been isolated from the nearest large landmass, Australia, by some 2000 km of the Tasman Sea since c. 60 Ma. Given New Zealand's long geographical isolation, there has been considerable interest in explaining the origins of its different biotic elements. Here we investigate the biogeography of the fern genus Polystichum from temperate Australasia. Si...

Evidence is provided for the first demonstrated example of allopolyploidy in the New Zealand fern flora. Cytological, morphological, and molecular (AFLP‐DNA fingerprinting) analyses indicate that the fern previously known as Polystichum richardii constitutes an allopolyploid complex, in which four separate evolutionary lineages are present. These are here recognised as three taxonomic species, with one of these encompassing tw...