R. Robbins results 114
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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Ship strikes of fin whales in the north-east atlantic: identifying hotspots and simulating mitigation measuresNARA Subscribed
Large whales are likely the marine megafauna most at risk from vessel collisions. However, studies often identify areas of greatest risk by calculating two-dimensional overlap metrics, overlooking vertical overlap in the three-dimensional water column. This study quantifies collision risk for fin whales in the north-east Atlantic by including dynamic parameters in collision risk models and simulates potential mitigation measur...
Optimization of chemically activated carbon derived from malt bagasse for CO₂ adsorption: a simplex-centroid approachNARA Subscribed
The intensification of the greenhouse effect has been primarily driven by anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, leading to significant climate change. Among the strategies to mitigate CO₂ emissions from industrial activities, adsorption using activated carbons (ACs) derived from renewable sources stands out as a promising approach. Activated carbons were prepared via chemical activation of malt bagasse, a brewing industry by-product, u...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Shipboard ballast water management systems (BWMS) commonly employ chlorine or other oxidants to treat ballast. Oxidant-based BWMS inject these biocides to meet a concentration threshold or target value that is lethal to most aquatic organisms. Resulting concentrations of total residual oxidant (TRO) may span two orders of magnitude between initial doses (e.g., ~10 mg L−1) and discharged ballast, which must meet discharge limit...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
In memoriam Finn Larsen 1953–2024NARA Subscribed
Generating fair, reliable, and accurate neuropsychological test norms for people with HIV in a low- or middle-income countryNARA Subscribed
Effective neuropsychological assessment of people with HIV (PWH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is hampered by the unavailability of adequate test norms. We aimed to: (1) develop demographically-corrected (regression-based) South African (SA) normative data for an HIV appropriate neuropsychological test battery for Xhosa home-language speakers; (2) compare the utility of those norms to that of (i) internal standar...
SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of specie...
In genetically heterogeneous (UM-HET3) mice produced by the CByB6F1 × C3D2F1 cross, the Nrf2 activator astaxanthin (Asta) extended the median male lifespan by 12% ( p = 0.003, log-rank test), while meclizine (Mec), an mTORC1 inhibitor, extended the male lifespan by 8% ( p = 0.03). Asta was fed at 1840 ± 520 (9) ppm and Mec at 544 ± 48 (9) ppm, stated as mean ± SE ( n ) of independent diet preparations. Both were started at 12...
The sponge microbiome underpins host function through provision and recycling of essential nutrients in a nutrient poor environment. Genomic data suggest that carbohydrate degradation, carbon fixation, nitrogen metabolism, sulphur metabolism and supplementation of B‐vitamins are central microbial functions. However, validation beyond the genomic potential of sponge symbiont pathways is rarely explored. To evaluate metagenomic...
Demand for critical minerals is projected to double or even triple by 2030 as the global energy and transportation sectors transition away from fossil fuels toward renewable energy. This anticipated demand raises interest in new critical mineral resources, including marine minerals, to supplement future supplies. While the environmental benefits of transitioning to green energy are many, there are inherent environmental costs....
Genomic selection in algae with biphasic lifecycles: A Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) case studyOA Marine
Introduction Sugar kelp ( Saccharina latissima ) has a biphasic life cycle, allowing selection on both thediploid sporophytes (SPs) and haploid gametophytes (GPs). Methods We trained a genomic selection (GS) model from farm-tested SP phenotypic data and used a mixed-ploidy additive relationship matrix to predict GP breeding values. Topranked GPs were used to make crosses for further farm evaluation. The relationship matrix inc...
International limits on the concentrations of living organisms in ballast water are now in force for commercial ships. Microscopy-based, “direct count” assays estimate the concentrations of organisms. These assays are used in performance tests of Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMSs), which are shipboard technologies designed to reduce living organisms in ballast water to below the discharge limits. Here, we examine the fac...
Sparse testing using genomic prediction improves selection for breeding targets in elite spring wheatNARA Subscribed
Key message Sparse testing using genomic prediction can be efficiently used to increase the number of testing environments while maintaining selection intensity in the early yield testing stage without increasing the breeding budget. Abstract Sparse testing using genomic prediction enables expanded use of selection environments in early-stage yield testing without increasing phenotyping cost. We evaluated different sparse test...