R. Shaw results 298
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Comprehensive and representative conservation planning for biodiversity of ice‐free AntarcticaNARA Subscribed
Antarctica is designated as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science, with Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) serving as the primary instrument for area‐based biodiversity protection. However, the existing ASPA network lacks the comprehensiveness and representativeness required under Annex V, Article 3(2), of the Madrid Protocol. We demonstrated the application of systematic conservation planning to explore the...
The aetiology of frailty remains unknown. It has been hypothesised that individual differences in epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), may help to explain why some individuals become frail while others do not. Relating epigenetic measures to transitions in age-related frailty in individual patients requires longitudinal studies over many years. To overcome this barrier, we study associations between DNAm...
Crop mixtures: yield responses to climate and management and impacts on seed and soil chemical composition in a Scottish-based studyNARA Subscribed
Introduction Crop mixtures can be an important part of the toolkit for maintaining crop production while addressing the climate and nature crises. However, uncertainties around some issues may prevent their uptake. Research question This study addressed several uncertainties, specifically the response of mixture yields to climate and management, and the impacts of mixed cropping on seed chemical composition, soil carbon and nu...
Role of funders in embedding tests in conservation practiceNARA Subscribed
Effective conservation practice requires decisions based on reliable and relevant evidence, but significant gaps in the evidence base exist. Incorporating well‐designed tests of the effectiveness of interventions for biodiversity in conservation projects is one of the best ways to scale up the rate of evidence generation. Funders of conservation projects are uniquely positioned to support and incentivize such tests as part of...
Exposure to chemical pollutants can alter the rate and genome‐wide distribution of germline mutations. However, studies measuring the effects of chemical exposure on mutation rates and spectra have not considered the ecological and evolutionary backgrounds of the studied genotypes, which could influence the rates and patterns of germline mutations in altered environments, for example, chemical pollution. Utilising a study of n...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Aluminium adjuvants and childhood health: a call for scienceNARA Subscribed
Combined examination of mental workload and biomechanics during dual-task walking in individuals with lower-limb loss is limited to fixed, but not self-modulated walking pace, for which the latter enables dynamic cognitive-motor behavior as typically engaged during community ambulation. By assessing electroencephalography (EEG) (theta, low/high-alpha power) and biomechanics (gait speed, double limb support, stride width), the...
Inshore marine coastal zone migration patterns in Atlantic salmon post‐smolts emigrating from eight rivers in north‐east ScotlandNARA Subscribed
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , migrate through multiple habitat types, each having the potential to impact differently upon migration success. The inshore marine coastal zone is arguably disproportionately impacted by potential stressors on populations. We investigated the migration of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts ( n = 898) from eight rivers (populations) through the inshore marine coastal zone over a 2‐year period using acous...
The miRNomics of antiretroviral therapy-induced obesityNARA Subscribed
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that incorporates its genetic material into the host’s chromosome. The resulting diseases and related conditions constitute a global health problem as there are no treatments to eliminate HIV from an infected individual. However, the potent, complex, and active antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies have been able to successfully inhibit HIV replication in patients. Unfortuna...
Extreme Precipitation Risks in South Asia: Future Climate Change Impacts on Population and CroplandNARA Subscribed
Extreme precipitation events increasingly threaten populations and food security across South Asia. Whilst prior research has examined climate change impacts on rainfall patterns, the exposure of populations and cropland to these extremes remains understudied. This study assesses future exposure to extreme precipitation using CMIP6 projections under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5, f...
Background and aims Acute oak decline (AOD), a decline syndrome affecting mature oaks, involves bacterial pathogens which likely act as opportunists under host stress. Trees displaying symptoms (bleeding cankers) appear in localized clusters, not whole stands. This study investigates the potential involvement of local-scale factors, in interaction with large-scale environmental drivers, in influencing onset and progression of...