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Characterising the mycobiome of healthy and wounded reef sharks in the Seychelles archipelagoNARA Subscribed
Sharks frequently sustain cutaneous injuries throughout their lifetimes, yet subsequent infections are surprisingly rare, and wounds appear to heal rapidly. This has led scientists to explore the potential mechanisms behind shark skin’s putative ‘superior’ capacity for fending off infection. Interestingly, research has turned to the skin-associated microbiome for the answer. Although exploration of the bacterial microbiome has...
The daily likelihood of High Tide Flooding (HTF) predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for leads up to one year is expressed as the sum of a long-term trend, tides, and nontidal residuals (NTRs) whose probability density functions (PDFs) are assumed to be Gaussian (i.e., normally distributed). We analyzed observed detrended hourly NTR distributions at 148 NOAA tide gauges along the U.S. coastl...
Developing predictions of coastal flooding risk on subseasonal timescales (2–6 weeks in advance) is an emerging priority for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In this study, we assess the ability of two current operational forecast systems, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques climate model (CNR...
Objective Pathological retinal neovascularization is vision-threatening. In mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) we sought to define mitochondrial respiration changes longitudinally during hyperoxia-induced vessel loss and hypoxia-induced neovascularization, and to test interventions addressing those changes to prevent neovascularization. Methods OIR was induced in C57BL/6J mice and retinal vasculature was examined at maximu...
Biogeographic influences on the evolution and historical dispersal of the Australo‐Pacific Dacini fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae)NARA Subscribed
Fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacini) are a frugivorous insect group that exhibit high endemic diversity in the rainforests of Australia and the western Pacific. In this region, biogeography has been influenced by tectonic plate movements and cycles of isolation and re‐connection of landmasses and rainforest habitats during glacial periods. However, how such factors have influenced the speciation and historical dispersal of the re...
Climate change is fundamentally altering marine and coastal ecosystems on a global scale. While the effects of ocean warming and acidification on ecology and ecosystem functions and services are being comprehensively researched, less attention is directed toward understanding the impacts of human‐driven ocean salinity changes. The global water cycle operates through water fluxes expressed as precipitation, evaporation, and fre...
Aging muscle experiences functional decline in part mediated by impaired mitochondrial ADP sensitivity. Elamipretide (ELAM) rapidly improves physiological and mitochondrial function in aging and binds directly to the mitochondrial ADP transporter ANT. We hypothesized that ELAM improves ADP sensitivity in aging leading to rescued physiological function. We measured the response to ADP stimulation in young and old muscle mitocho...
Sea level rise is increasing the frequency of high tide flooding in coastal communities across the United States. Although the occurrence and severity of high-tide flooding will continue to increase, skillful prediction of high tide flooding on monthly-to-annual time horizons is lacking in most regions. Here, we present an approach to predict the daily likelihood of high tide flooding at coastal locations throughout the U.S. u...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, includi...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Sediment resuspension caused by near-bed currents mediates exchange processes between the seafloor and the overlying water column, known as benthic-pelagic coupling. To investigate the effects of sediment resuspension on microbial enzyme activities in bottom waters (<500 m), we conducted onboard erosion experiments using sediment cores taken with a multi-corer from six deep-sea sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We then inc...
Coral research is being ushered into the genomic era. To fully capitalize on the potential discoveries from this genomic revolution, the rapidly increasing number of high-quality genomes requires effective pairing with rigorous taxonomic characterizations of specimens and the contextualization of their ecological relevance. However, to date there is no formal framework that genomicists, taxonomists, and coral scientists can co...
Coral cover on tropical reefs has declined during the last three decades due to the combined effects of climate change, destructive fishing, pollution, and land use change. Drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions combined with effective coastal management and conservation strategies are essential to slow this decline. Innovative approaches, such as selective breeding for adaptive traits combined with large-scale sexual...
Coral reefs are suffering unprecedented declines in health state on a global scale. Some have suggested that human assisted evolution or assisted gene flow may now be necessary to effectively restore reefs and pre-condition them for future climate change. An understanding of the key metabolic processes in corals, including under stressed conditions, would greatly facilitate the effective application of such interventions. To d...