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The interrelationship of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NMDA receptor and neuronal survival during early cerebral ischemia–reperfusion is not certain. We investigated this relationship by using MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist and by determining infarct size and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption under the condition of markedly reduced mTORC1 activity. Rats...
Effect of Parametric Variation of Chordae Tendineae Structure on Simulated Atrioventricular Valve ClosureNARA Subscribed
Purpose Many approaches have been used to model chordae tendineae geometries in finite element simulations of atrioventricular heart valves. Unfortunately, current “functional" chordae tendineae geometries lack anatomical fidelity (e.g., branching) that would be helpful when informing clinical decisions. The objectives of this work are (i) to improve synthetic chordae tendineae geometric fidelity to consider branching and (ii)...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Integrated Reanalysis of Global Riverine Fish eDNA Datasets Shows Robustness and Congruence of Biodiversity ConclusionsNARA Subscribed
The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has revolutionized biodiversity assessments in aquatic ecosystems, enabling non‐invasive monitoring of fish communities across diverse regions. However, the global comparability of these eDNA datasets remains ambiguous due to heterogeneous sampling protocols and bioinformatic workflows across studies, making it difficult to assess how robust and comparable the biodiversity patterns infe...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of diamond-forming fluids in Voorspoed diamondsNARA Subscribed
Trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of high-density fluids (HDFs) trapped in diamonds provide key insights into mantle processes and diamond formation. This study focuses on diamonds containing different HDF types from the Voorspoed carbonate-rich olivine lamproite (CROL) in the Kroonstad cluster, South Africa. Their trace elements reveal signatures varying between primitive mantle-normalized incompatible enriched...
Second generation ‘diamond-in-water’ ablation – a step forward in trace element and isotopic composition analysisNARA Subscribed
A second generation diamond-in-water laser ablation system combined with mass spectrometry measurements is presented for trace elements and radiogenic isotopic analyses of microinclusion-bearing diamonds. Ablation was conducted using a Nd: YV04 laser (532 nm, 136 µJ/pulse, 25 ns pulse duration, 2000 Hz repetition rate) in a closed ultra-clean glass cuvette filled with milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm). Multiple experiments indicate a...
Cross‐Continental Analysis Shows That Disturbance Effects on Reptile Body Condition Do Not Predict Abundance ResponsesNARA Subscribed
Ecological disturbances are discrete events that alter or transform the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of ecosystems. Disturbance can cause animal populations to decline and, according to the risk‐disturbance hypothesis and population collapse framework, these declines can be predicted by declines in animal body condition. However, no research has empirically examined the general relationship between body co...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
A Transcriptomic Comparative Study of Cranial VasculatureNARA Subscribed
Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank studyNARA Subscribed
Mediation pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in structural MRI markers of brain health remain underexplored. We examined racial/ethnic and SES disparities in sMRI markers and tested total, direct, and indirect effects through lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors using a structural equations modeling approach among 36,184 UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 years at baseline assessm...
Wind dispersed tree species have greater maximum heightNARA Subscribed
Aim We test the hypothesis that wind dispersal is more common among emergent tree species given that being tall increases the likelihood of effective seed dispersal. Location Americas, Africa and the Asia‐Pacific. Time period 1970–2020. Major taxa studied Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Methods We used a dataset consisting of tree inventories from 2821 plots across three biogeographic regions (Americas, Africa and Asia‐Pacific),...
Neutralizing RGMa with Elezanumab Promotes Cerebroprotection and Recovery in Rabbit Middle Cerebral Artery OcclusionNARA Subscribed
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is an inhibitor of neuronal growth and survival which is upregulated in the damaged central nervous system following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and other neuropathological conditions. Neutralization of RGMa is neuroprotective and promotes neuroplasticity in several preclinical models of neurodegeneration and injury including multiple...
Purpose of Review Environmental chemical exposures may disrupt child development, with long-lasting health impacts. To date, U.S. studies of early environmental exposures have been limited in size and diversity, hindering power and generalizability. With harmonized data from over 60,000 participants representing 69 pregnancy cohorts, the National Institutes of Health’s Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) P...
Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communitiesNARA Subscribed
Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon A...