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The host’s ability to clear parasites (resistance) and their capacity to reduce the impact of a given parasite burden (tolerance) is often described under conditions of a single pathogen challenge. We developed a mouse infection model to investigate the impact of co-infection on host resistance and tolerance to Heligmosomoides bakeri . C57BL/6 mice were infected with the helminth parasite H. bakeri and Theiler’s murine encepha...
Effect of six weeks ubiquinol supplementation on mitochondrial respiratory function and exercise capacity in healthy malesNARA Subscribed
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10 ) is an integral component of the mitochondrial electron transfer system. Most studies have administered the oxidised form of CoQ 10 (ubiquinone) and observed no effects on mitochondrial respiratory function or endurance exercise performance. The reduced form of CoQ 10 , ubiquinol (UQH 2 ), has greater bioavailability than ubiquinone, but the effects of UQH 2 supplementation on mitochondrial respiratory fu...
Watershed land cover predicts the abundance of macroplastic and other anthropogenic litter in streamsNARA Subscribed
Macroplastic and other types of macroscopic anthropogenic litter (AL; trash, particles > 5 mm) are pervasive across ecosystems, persistent in the environment, increasing in abundance, and can degrade into microplastics (particles 2 and 0.011–87.482 g/m 2 . Watershed impervious surface area and urban cover were significant predictors of AL by count (pseudo R 2 = 0.418), likely due to greater numbers of AL sources and enhanced c...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
The effect of reducing work rate on total work done and time to task failure during severe intensity exerciseNARA Subscribed
Purpose This study assesses the finite work capacity ( W′ ) above critical power (CP) when work rate is reduced during severe intensity exercise and whether reducing work rate immediately prior to task failure allows continued work above CP. Methods 14 cyclists performed three experimental trials. Two consisted of exercising at a fixed work rate (WR) that depleted 70% of W′ in 90 s and 180 s respectively, after which work rate...
Success of restoration strategies in preventing extirpation of 2 critically endangered coral speciesNARA Subscribed
An unprecedented marine heatwave in 2023 caused widespread coral bleaching and mortality throughout the Caribbean. In the Florida Keys (USA), 2 foundation species, elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ) and staghorn coral ( Acropora cervicornis ), were severely affected. These species have been the primary focus of reef restoration in Florida for decades. Substantial losses of these species occurred in outplanted populations, in o...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Purpose W′ balance ( W′ BAL ) modelling is becoming an important tool to monitor intermittent cycling performance. This study assessed the ability of different time constant ( τ W ′ ) equations for W′ reconstitution ( W′ rec ) to predict exhaustion during intermittent exercise and the relationship between parameters of W′ rec with established determinants of endurance performance. Methods Thirteen cyclists performed cycling pe...
Integration of crop modeling and sensing into molecular breeding for nutritional quality and stress toleranceNARA Subscribed
Integrating innovative technologies into plant breeding is critical to bolster food and nutritional security under biotic and abiotic stresses in changing climates. While breeding efforts have focused primarily on yield and stress tolerance, emerging evidence highlights the need to also prioritize nutritional quality. Advanced molecular breeding approaches have enhanced our ability to develop improved crop varieties and could...
The migratory behavior of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) post‐smolts in coastal waters is poorly understood. In this collaborative study, 1914 smolts, from 25 rivers, in four countries were tagged with acoustic transmitters during a single seasonal migration. In total, 1105 post‐smolts entered the marine study areas and 438 (39.6%) were detected on a network of 414 marine acoustic receivers and an autonomous underwater vehicl...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
What is the Relationship Between Plant Trait Diversity and Geodiversity? A Plot‐Based, Pan‐European AnalysisNARA Subscribed
Aim Heterogeneity of the Earth's abiotic surface and subsurface (geodiversity) is increasingly recognised as an important driver of biodiversity. Theoretically, species' traits should match to abiotic conditions in the local environment. Here, we test this for the first time at a continental extent by analysing the relationships between geodiversity and plant trait diversity in forested vegetation plots across Europe, at three...
Many of the world’s fisheries are “data-limited” where the information does not allow precise determination of fish stock status and limits the development of appropriate management responses. Two approaches are proposed for use in data-limited stock management strategy evaluations to guide the evaluations and to understand the sources of uncertainty: rejection sampling methods and the incorporation of more complex socio-econo...
The freshwater phase of the first seaward migration of juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) is relatively well understood when compared with our understanding of the marine phase of their migration. In 2021, 1008 wild and 60 ranched Atlantic salmon smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters in 12 rivers in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Large marine receiver arrays were deployed in the Irish Sea at two...