Aims Rhizobia are essential for nitrogen fixation in legumes. The current method for enumerating rhizobia in soil by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method is costly and time consuming. This paper describes the development of a qPCR test to quantify Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (Rlv) in soil. Methods TaqMan probe and primers were developed . Specificity of qPCR was confirmed against Rlv and non-target rhizobia and compare...

Understanding biodiversity in offshore benthic ecosystems is crucial as anthropogenic pressures like offshore wind development increasingly alter marine environments. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), widely used for marine mammal research, offers a promising yet underexplored tool for assessing broader faunal communities. Here, we investigate whether PAM data, collected initially for marine mammal monitoring, can reveal spat...