Experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume using an artificial seagrass meadow, modeled after Zostera marina , to examine the impact of waves on the vertical structure of time-averaged current, Reynolds stress, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) under combined wave-current conditions. With the addition of smaller waves, defined by a ratio of wave velocity to current velocity U w /U c < 2.5, the time-averaged velocity pea...