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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Purpose Biomechanical parameters of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as joint contact forces and intra-articular stresses, are suggested to contribute to the development of temporomandibular joint disorders, but are impractical to measure. In this study, we present a computational framework for evaluating these parameters by integrating a function assessment system and a patient-specific modeling approach. Methods The p...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Hidden Vulnerability: Extreme Drought Threatens Dryland Plant Communities Under Climate ChangeNARA Subscribed
Extreme heat and drought are becoming more frequent, altering the distribution and disturbance cycles of plant communities. These weather events have caused widespread mortality of woody plant species globally. We investigated the environmental conditions preceding multiple shrub mortality events in a widespread North American dryland (big sagebrush ecosystems) using field and remote sensing data, a process‐based ecosystem wat...
Global interest in microplastics is increasing, with numerous organisations collecting data on microplastics in the environment. However, disparate sampling, analysis, and reporting methods limit our ability to integrate data, hindering a global understanding of microplastic occurrence, effects and dynamics. Drawing on international directives and collaborations, we present a comprehensive guideline of harmonised and standardi...
Oscillatory Dynamics Serving Verbal Working Memory Differ in People with HIV and Are Linked To Disease DurationNARA Subscribed
Background Medical advances have greatly improved the quality of life and extended the longevity of people with HIV (PWH). However, many PWH still develop neurocognitive deficits even in the presence of effective viral suppression, with impairments in verbal working memory (VWM) being among the most common. While previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated altered neural responses during VWM, the underlying temporal dynami...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
A global survey on total arsenic concentrations in sharksNARA Subscribed
Habitat management interventions for a specialist mid- successional grassland butterfly, the Lulworth SkipperNARA Subscribed
Evidence-based management is needed to reverse declines in insect abundance. The Lulworth Skipper Thymelicus acteon is a range-restricted and declining species in the UK and northern Europe associated with mid-successional grassland, which presents management challenges because interventions are necessary to prevent long-term habitat deterioration but can result in short-term reductions in quality. In addition, site management...
Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased β‐diversity dampening diversity loss. Additionally, studies often focus on taxo...
An assessment of latrine front-end characteristics and associated surface E. coli indicated faecal contamination in rural FijiNARA Subscribed
In Fiji, 90% of the population has access to basic sanitation; however, there are still persistent health risks from endemic faecal-oral diseases such as typhoid fever. There is a need to assess the contribution of existing sanitation facilities in the faecal pathogen transmission pathway. This study was conducted as part of a larger planetary health study across 29 rural communities within five river catchments. This specific...
Background contrast affects detection and recognition of courting wolf spiders by intended and unintended receiversNARA Subscribed
We used video playback of courting male Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders to examine responses of intended receivers (conspecific females) and eavesdroppers (competitor males, predatory spiders, toads) to manipulations of spider color (natural color, monochromatic gray, monochromatic RBG average) displayed against complex leaf litter backgrounds (color, grayscale). Models of chromatic and achromatic contrast between spider stimu...
As ongoing climate change drives suitable habitats to higher elevations, species ranges are predicted to follow. However, observed range shifts have been surprisingly variable, with most species differing in rates of upward shift and others failing to shift at all. Disturbances such as fires could play an important role in accelerating range shifts by facilitating recruitment in newly suitable habitats (leading edges) and remo...