Leaf herbivory is a ubiquitous ecological interaction that varies significantly in intensity across species, habitats, and biogeographic regions. Although quantification of leaf damage is crucial for understanding many ecological processes, the accuracy and precision of various damage estimation methods used by researchers, including visual estimation, digital image analysis, and artificial intelligence, have not been evaluate...

Precipitation plays a vital role in various fields, including hydroclimatic modeling, climate change studies, agricultural optimization, and water resources management. Precipitation data can be obtained through observational measurements using the rain gauge approach or as Gridded precipitation products (GPP) derived from satellites or atmospheric models. GPPs provide optimized global estimates of climate data without spatial...

The coupling of coastal or regional ocean models to hydrological models or observed data is currently an uncommon practice in operational oceanography. Though hydrological models are regarded as a powerful and useful tool for estimating the quantity and quality of freshwater running in a watershed, they fail to provide accurate results for river flow reaching the coastal area due to water-management activities occurring within...

Understanding how long water is retained in an estuary and how quickly it is completely flushed is essential to estimate an estuary’s health in areas with significant pollutant loadings. The present study analyses the effect of five different Tagus River discharge scenarios ranging from low to extreme on residence time (RT), exposure time (ET) and integrated water fractions inside pre-established Tagus estuary areas, to identi...

Coastal ocean observing and modeling systems (coastal observatories), connected with regional and global ocean systems, improve the quality of information and forecasts for effective management of safe and sustainable maritime activities. The public availability of systematic and long-term information of the ocean is an engine for the Blue Economy, boosting economic growth, employment, and innovation. An overview of some Brazi...

Herbivory is ubiquitous. Despite being a potential driver of plant distribution and performance, herbivory remains largely undocumented. Some early attempts have been made to review, globally, how much leaf area is removed through insect feeding. Kozlov et al., in one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding global patterns of herbivory, have compiled published studies regarding foliar removal and sampled data on global her...

Coastal defence structures are often constructed to prevent beach erosion. However, poorly designed structures may cause serious erosion problems in the downdrift direction. Morphological models are useful tools to predict such impacts and assess the efficiency of defence structures for different scenarios. Nevertheless, morphological modelling is still a topic under intense research effort. The processes simulated by a morpho...

Water distribution in sprinkler irrigation systems remains one of the most challenging problems in irrigation water management. Due to lack of water distribution uniformity, parts of a field may be over‐irrigated while others may be under‐irrigated, thus affecting root water and nutrient uptake and crop yield. The objective of this paper was to show the capabilities of the MOHID‐Land model in simulating soil water dynamics and...