This study examines the temporal and spatial variability of near‐surface air temperature and the canopy layer urban heat island (UHI CL ) of Kuwait City. Observations collected at 12 locations across the country of Kuwait and for the period 2010–2022 are analysed on an hourly and 3‐hourly basis to provide monthly and diurnal insights of the city's UHI CL characteristics. Research on Kuwait's UHI CL was first conducted by Nasra...

We use a combination of a regional climate model (RCM) and a global climate model (GCM) to explore potential changes to the complex precipitation regime in the semi‐arid and arid state of Arizona in the American Southwest. The RCM output for the contemporary period (2000–2009) compares well with a gridded precipitation dataset with respect to seasonality, amount, intensity, and diurnal patterns. Output from the GCM forced by t...

Satellite remote‐sensing products with high spatial and temporal resolution are viable sources of precipitation information, especially for data‐sparse and remote regions. The aim of this study is to examine the performance of four precipitation products including Integrated Multi‐satellite Retrievals for GPM (GPM IMERG), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B43), Climate Hazards Centre InfraRed Precipitation with Statio...

It is well-documented that the United States (US), along with other mid-latitude land locations, has experienced warming in recent decades in response to changes in atmospheric composition. Among other changes, Easterling (2002) reported that the frost-free period is now longer across much of the US with the first frost in fall occurring later and the last freeze in spring occurring earlier. In this investigation, we explore s...

A World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) committee evaluated the record sea‐level pressure ( SLP ) measurement of 1089.4 hPa on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia (1724.6 m). Although instrumentation and data collection procedures were properly followed according to the assessment of the committee, concern was raised regarding the reliability of SLP adjustment from such a high‐elevation station. This paper addresses...

Many meteorological phenomena exhibit distinctive diurnal variations that vary substantially from place to place. In this investigation, we use Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data to assess spatial patterns in the diurnal variations of summertime lightning activity throughout tropical Asia. Harmonic analysis of the dataset reveals strong diurnal patterns in lightning activity with most locations exhibiting an afternoon ma...

The diurnal cycle of precipitation over South Africa during summer is analysed for the first time using hourly precipitation data from 103 stations for the period 1998–2007. Using harmonic analysis, we found the presence of a distinct diurnal cycle over most of South Africa regarding both the frequency and amount of precipitation events. The standardized amplitudes, indicative of the strength of the diurnal cycle across a regi...

We assembled daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation records for 143 stations in southern Mexico over the period 1960–2004. We found that the average temperature for the region has increased linearly at a rate of 0.086 °C per decade with maximum temperatures increasing at twice that rate and minimum temperatures basically remaining unchanged. This results in a highly statistically significant increase...

In the present study, we have analyzed the spatial patterns in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Indian subcontinent. We assembled hourly precipitation data for 78 stations spread across the Indian subcontinent for the period 1980 to 2000. On the basis of the results of the first harmonic, we found the presence of a distinct diurnal cycle over most of the Indian subcontinent for frequency, total, and intensity of pre...

We assembled daily precipitation records, initially for 3838 stations, throughout India and ultimately identified 129 stations with reasonably complete records over the period 1910 to 2000. From these daily records, we generated annual time series of seven different indices of extreme precipitation events, including total precipitation, largest 1, 5, and 30 day totals, and the number of daily events above the amount that marks...