Jonah crab and Atlantic rock crab in the United States are currently assessed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climate change vulnerability assessments under the category Cancer crabs due to a dearth of species‐specific information across the attributes assessed. These species are frequently bycatch in the American lobster fishery and have low landed volume in comparison to larger Northeast US commercial fish...

Poikilothermic organisms like fish are key economic drivers in aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade. Climate change impacts the health of fish because poikilothermic hosts experience the same temperature as their environment, making temperature a critical determinant of parasite infection dynamics. Pseudocapillaria tomentosa , a capillarid nematode infecting approximately 20% of zebrafish research facilities, provides an...

Groundwater dissolved oxygen (DO) variability in coastal systems remains poorly understood despite its importance for biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem modeling. This study investigates temporal variability in groundwater DO and its hydro‐climatic drivers across timescales (hourly to seasonal) in a coastal floodplain at Beaver Creek, Washington, USA, a site transitioning from a freshwater forest to brackish tidal wetland fo...

Targeted fishing of Jonah crabs ( Cancer borealis ) has greatly intensified in recent decades as lobster populations have declined, forcing fishermen to shift their focus to Jonah and other crab species. Effective management of this developing fishery is limited, however, by a lack of information on their life history traits, abundance and distribution. The long‐term sustainability of the fishery depends upon near‐term efforts...

Under the current climate crisis, marine heatwaves (MHW) are expected to intensify and become more frequent in the future, leading to adverse effects on marine life. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of environmental warming on the symbiotic relationship between the Hawaiian bobtail squid ( Euprymna scolopes ) and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri . We exposed eggs of E. scolopes to three different temperatur...

The below‐ground growing season often extends beyond the above‐ground growing season in tundra ecosystems and as the climate warms, shifts in growing seasons are expected. However, we do not yet know to what extent, when and where asynchrony in above‐ and below‐ground phenology occurs and whether variation is driven by local vegetation communities or spatial variation in microclimate. Here, we combined above‐ and below‐ground...

Many citizen scientists are highly motivated to help address the current extinction crisis. Their work is making valuable contributions to protecting species by raising awareness, identifying species occurrences, assessing population trends, and informing direct management actions, such as captive breeding. However, clear guidance is lacking about how to use existing citizen science data sets and how to design effective citize...

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key biogeochemical control in coastal systems, and its concentration and drivers vary markedly through time and space. This makes it difficult to accurately represent coastal DO and associated biogeochemical processes in models, limiting our ability to predict how these systems will respond to global change. We obtained high‐frequency (5‐min) in situ measurements of DO collected at three locations ac...

Aim Climate shapes the composition and function of plant communities globally, but it remains unclear how this influence extends to floral traits. Flowering phenology, or the time period in which a species flowers, has well‐studied relationships with climatic signals at the species level but has rarely been explored at a cross‐community and continental scale. Here, we characterise the distribution of flowering periods (months...

Fire is an important ecological disturbance that can reset ecosystems and initiate changes in plant community composition, ecosystem biogeochemistry, and primary productivity. As herbivores rely on primary producers for food, changes in vegetation may alter plant–herbivore interactions with important—but often unexplored—feedbacks to ecosystems. Here we examined the impact of post‐fire changes in plant community composition an...

Aim The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a consequence of evolutionary and ecological mechanisms acting over long history, and thus is best investigated with organisms that have rich fossil records. However, combined neontological‐palaeontological investigations are mostly limited to large, shelled invertebrates, which keeps our mechanistic understanding of LDGs in its infancy. This paper aims to describe the modern mei...

Realistic representation of land carbon sink in climate models is vital for predicting carbon climate feedbacks in a changing world. Although soil erosion that removes land organic carbon has increased substantially since the onset of agriculture, it is rarely included in the current generation of climate models. Using an Earth system model (ESM) with soil erosion represented, we estimated that on average soil erosion displace...

Summary Among horizontally acquired symbioses, the mechanisms underlying microbial strain‐ and species‐level specificity remain poorly understood. Here, confocal‐microscopy analyses and genetic manipulation of the squid–vibrio association revealed quantitative differences in a symbiont's capacity to interact with the host during initial engagement. Specifically, dominant strains of Vibrio fischeri , ‘D‐type’, previously named...

The hallmark of eusociality is the division of labour between reproductive (queen) and nonreproductive (worker) females. Yet in many eusocial insects, workers retain the ability to produce haploid male offspring from unfertilized eggs. The reproductive potential of workers has well‐documented consequences for the structure and function of insect colonies, but its implications at the population level are less often considered....

Summary The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is the monospecific symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes , and the establishment of this association involves a number of signaling pathways and transcriptional responses between both partners. We report here the first full RNA‐Seq dataset representing host‐associated V. fischeri cells from colonized juvenile E. scolopes , as well as comparative transcriptomes u...

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of interannual and interdecadal variations of summer precipitation and precipitation‐related extreme events in East China associated with variations of the East Asian summer monsoon ( EASM ) from 1979 to 2012. A high‐quality daily precipitation data set covering 2076 observational stations in China is analysed. Based on the precipitation pattern analysis using empirical orthogonal...

Summary Quorum sensing, a group behaviour coordinated by a diffusible pheromone signal and a cognate receptor, is typical of bacteria that form symbioses with plants and animals. LuxIR ‐type N ‐acyl L‐homoserine ( AHL ) quorum sensing is common in Gram‐negative Proteobacteria , and many members of this group have additional quorum‐sensing networks. The bioluminescent symbiont V ibrio fischeri encodes two AHL signal synthases:...

Experimental studies of the interaction between host and symbiont in a maturing symbiotic organ have presented a challenge for most animal–bacterial associations. Advances in the rearing of the host squid Euprymna scolopes have enabled us to explore the relationship between a defect in symbiont light production and late‐stage development ( e.g . symbiont persistence and tissue morphogenesis) by experimental colonization with s...

Summary We studied the E uprymna scolopes – V ibrio fischeri symbiosis to characterize, in vivo and in real time, the transition between the bacterial partner's free‐living and symbiotic life styles. Previous studies using high inocula demonstrated that environmental V . fischeri cells aggregate during a 3 h period in host‐shed mucus along the light organ's superficial ciliated epithelia. Under lower inoculum conditions, simil...

Summary This study reports the first description and molecular characterization of naturally occurring, non‐bioluminescent strains of Vibrio fischeri . These ‘dark’ V. fischeri strains remained non‐bioluminescent even after treatment with both autoinducer and aldehyde, substrate additions that typically maximize light production in dim strains of luminous bacteria. Surprisingly, the entire lux locus (eight genes) was absent in...

Summary Although it is accepted that bacteria‐colonizing host tissues are commonly faced with iron‐limiting conditions and that pathogenic bacteria often utilize iron from host‐derived haem‐based compounds, the mechanisms of iron acquisition by beneficial symbiotic bacteria are less clear. The bacterium Vibrio fischeri mutualistically colonizes the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes . Genome sequence analysis of V. fis...

Summary Recent evidence has indicated that natural genetic transformation occurs in Vibrio cholerae, and that it requires both induction by chitin oligosaccharides, like chitohexaose, and expression of a putative regulatory gene designated tfoX . Using sequence and phylogenetic analyses we have found two tfoX paralogues in all sequenced genomes of the genus Vibrio . Like V. cholerae , when grown in chitohexaose, cells of V. fi...

This study examines two dynamical downscaling methods, a subgrid parameterization and a regional climate model, to compare their impacts on simulating orographic precipitation and surface hydrology in mountain regions. A global climate model was first applied at 1° × 1.25° grid resolution with a subgrid orographic precipitation scheme. The global simulations were then used to drive a regional climate model at 15‐km grid resolu...

Summary The light organ crypts of the squid Euprymna scolopes permit colonization exclusively by the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Because the crypt interior remains in contact with seawater, the squid must not only foster the specific symbiosis, but also continue to exclude other bacteria. Investigation of the role of the innate immune system in these processes revealed that macrophage‐like haemocytes isolated from E. s...