Tree decline can significantly impact both the aesthetic value and ecological function of urban forests. Understanding the abiotic factors influencing tree health is essential for developing effective management strategies. This study investigated the decline of heritage Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine) in urban areas of the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, with a focus on identifying underlying abiotic causes. G...

Street and park trees often endure harsher conditions, including increased temperatures and drier soil and air, than those found in urban or natural forests. These conditions can lead to shorter lifespans and a greater vulnerability to dieback. This literature review aimed to identify confirmed causes of street and park tree dieback in urban areas from around the world. Peer-reviewed case studies related to urban tree decline...