Carassius auratus , a commercially important species in the ornamental aquarium industry, is sensitive to salinity fluctuations. In this study, 30 C. auratus of length 13.1 ± 2.9 cm and weight 103.8 ± 40.8 g/fish were placed into six plastic tanks (80 L) with five fish per tank. About 15 fish were exposed to 10‰ salinity for 48 h, while another 15 fish were kept in freshwater and continuously aerated (0‰) as a control. To inve...

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease involves complex interactions between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. Recent studies indicate that enhanced glycolysis and lactate accumulation under hypoxic conditions not only maintain cell viability by supplying energy but also participate in disease regulation through lactylation. Lactylation regulates gene expression, immune polarization, metabolic enzyme activity, and a...