Located in the subtropical monsoon climate area of China, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) had been frequently affected by drought events recently. Based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the characteristics of drought in the YRB and the influence of drought on vegetation in different seasons were investigated by maximum correlation ( R max ) between 1981 and 2015....

The dryness/wetness patterns are a significant reference for stakeholders in developing reasonable strategies in regard to water resource management, prediction, prevention of extreme events, and management of agricultural activities; however, no attempts have been made to systematically quantify the dryness/wetness patterns and drought conditions over the Three‐River Headwater Region (TRHR) of China, where the ecosystem is hi...

Submarine pipelines, as arteries for offshore oil and gas transportation, play a particularly important role in the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources. Since the world’s first submarine pipelines were laid in the Gulf of Mexico, numerous failures have been caused by pipeline free-spanning. This paper provides a review of the causes and treatment measures for the free span of submarine pipeline. Various factors caus...