In some mutualisms, cooperation in symbionts is promoted by hosts sanctioning “cheats,” who obtain benefits but fail to reciprocate. In fig–wasp mutualisms, agaonid wasps pollinate the trees ( Ficus spp.), but are also exploitative by using some flowers as larval food. Ficus can sanction cheats that fail to pollinate by aborting some un‐pollinated figs. However, in those un‐pollinated figs retained by trees, cheats successfull...