Decapod iridovirus 1 (DIV1) is a highly lethal pathogen that infects decapod crustaceans including Litopenaeus vannamei , causing mass mortality in cultured shrimp and severe economic losses worldwide. The ATPase gene is a highly conserved region within the DIV1 genome, plays a critical role in viral replication and represents an ideal target for molecular diagnostic development. In this study, we established a rapid, sensitiv...

In recent decades, global warming‐driven ocean stratification has profoundly affected nutrient cycling. As the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific, the South China Sea (SCS) provides a representative setting to examine these responses. Based on two decades of temperature, salinity, and nutrient datasets, we quantified the evolution of stratification in the SCS, its impacts on the upward transport of deep‐water pho...

We herein constructed a phylogeny of Lepidoptera synthesizing multiple information types, a phylogenomics backbone, a multigene supermatrix with species‐comprehensive DNA barcodes, and topological information from a compiled database of standardized machine‐readable trees from over 100 previous studies. We then applied the new phylogenetic synthesis as a profiling framework for a large DNA barcode dataset of caterpillars from...

The optimal temperature for photosynthesis (Topt), the temperature at which photosynthesis peaks, is crucial for estimating gross primary production (GPP). Most models, however, apply biome‐specific Topt, overlooking the spatial and temporal variability driven by the genetic adaptation and interannual thermal acclimation of plants, thus introducing systematic error in GPP estimation. We mapped Topt of Tibetan Plateau (TP) gras...

Climate change has increased heatwave frequency, duration, and intensity globally, which is expected to worsen under warmer conditions. Understanding heatwave variabilities is crucial for the ecosystem and human health they impact, yet comprehensive assessments over China at different spatiotemporal scales remain limited. This study evaluates 12 NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections' CMIP6 (NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6) do...

Climatic fluctuations during glacial periods have profoundly shaped the demographic history and gene flow dynamics of many taxa. This study integrated high‐throughput sequencing of 67 individuals with comprehensive genomic analyses to investigate biogeographic patterns, genetic divergence and demographic trajectories in the Opisthotropis latouchii species complex, a group of mountain stream snakes distributed across Central Ch...

Aim Terrestrial mammal communities are crucial indicators of tropical ecosystem health and sustainability. However, the role of shared species responses driven by functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness in shaping community assembly remains underexplored for identifying conservation hotspots. Spatial predictions of species diversity also remain limited by approaches that fail to jointly account for species occupancy and...

Suaeda salsa L. is a typical halophyte with high value as a vegetable. Here, we report a 447.98 Mb, chromosomal‐level genome of S. salsa , assembled into nine pseudomolecules (contig N50 = 1.36 Mb) and annotated with 27,927 annotated protein‐coding genes. Most of the assembled S. salsa genome, 58.03%, consists of transposable elements. Some gene families including HKT1 , NHX , SOS and CASP related to salt resistance were signi...

Aim Biodiversity patterns along elevational gradients have been well documented for vascular plants and terrestrial vertebrates, but we know relatively little about the elevational patterns of bryophytes and their underlying mechanisms, especially the effect of forest microclimate on epiphytic and non‐epiphytic bryophytes. Here we study the influence of microclimates on the richness of epiphytic and non‐epiphytic bryophytes as...

Harmful dinoflagellates are widely distributed in coastal waters worldwide, posing multiple ecological and socioeconomic threats. Climate change may alter the biogeography of these species; however, few studies have linked shifts in harmful dinoflagellates' ecological distribution to their socioeconomic impacts. This study developed a framework to assess the spatiotemporal ecological–social risks posed by harmful dinoflagellat...

Understanding how species optimise and stabilise their elementome, namely stoichiometric homeostasis ( H ), is crucial for species adaptation in changing environments. Species can be stoichiometrically homeostatic to different degrees, and elemental homeostasis is related to species' nutrient economic strategies. Recent studies on N and P homeostasis have provided a framework linking plant fitness to ecosystem functioning. How...

Microbes in the sea surface microlayer (SML) are key to connecting the ocean and the atmosphere, affecting the exchange of matter, momentum, and heat at the interface. However, their sources have never been quantified systematically. Seawater has long been deemed their major source, whereas atmospheric deposition is regarded as trivial or merely providing additional nutrients. Here, combining atmospheric observations and quant...

Most mutualisms are parasitized by third‐party species that inflict costs to the mutualists. How such parasites affect mechanisms that help maintain mutualism stability is poorly understood, even in well‐studied systems. Angiosperm plants tend to invest most resources in tissue that yields high net benefits. In mutualisms with plant hosts, reduction in such investment can function as a key stability‐promoting mechanism, such a...

Amphibians are a diverse group of tetrapod vertebrates comprising three orders: Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona, which play important roles in worldwide ecosystems. Over the past 40 years, amphibian populations have sharply declined and some of them are even endangered. Specifically, it is estimated that 35 species have gone extinct, while 653 species are considered critically endangered, and 55 species are data deficient. Inf...

Aim Understanding the spatial distribution of genetic variation within species is a central tenet in evolutionary biology and conservation biology. This study explores how historical demographic processes and/or environmental factors interact to affect contemporary genetic variation and adaptive potential, with a specific focus on testing the ‘centre‐periphery’ hypothesis (CPH). Location Subtropical China. Taxon Liquidambar. M...

Motivation Functional diversity is an important dimension of biodiversity. In animals, most species have complex life cycles, such that the same species can display great differences in traits and ecological roles across different life history stages. Consequently, the patterns and driving factors of functional diversity can vary considerably among the different life stages. However, research on stages other than adults is rar...

Marine bacteriophages, the most abundant biological entities in marine ecosystems, are essential in biogeochemical cycling. Despite extensive genomic data, many phage genes remain uncharacterised, creating a gap between genomic diversity and gene function knowledge. This gap limits our understanding of phage life cycles, assembly, and host interactions. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to profile the proteomes of 13 ma...

Aim Considering the importance of microclimate in maintaining the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes, we investigated epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in the subtropical forest of eastern China to unravel the diversity patterns of epiphytic liverworts and mosses along the elevational gradients and the roles of forest microclimates, topographic variables and host plant composition attributes in shaping these el...

Aim The impact of Pleistocene climate fluctuations on the biogeographical history of aquatic species has been a topic of enduring debate. This issue poses particular challenges for parapatric closely related species, especially those situated in transition zones where species assemblages occur between distinct zoogeographic boundaries. Location Eastern China. Taxon Five closely related Sinopotamon species and subspecies, S. sh...

Climate warming has caused widespread global concern. However, how warming affects soil microbial diversity, richness, and community structure on a global scale remains poorly understood. Here we conduct a meta‐analysis of 945 observations from 100 publications by collecting relevant data. The results show that field warming experiments significantly modify soil temperature (+1.8°C), soil water content (−3.2%), and soil pH (−0...

Aim Plant invasions are a global problem that requires studying plants and their environmental associations across native and introduced ranges. Location 2000 km transects in China, Europe and North America. Time Period June 2019–July 2020. Major Taxa Studied Japanese knotweed ( Reynoutria japonica ). Methods We surveyed 150 populations of Japanese knotweed, a noxious invader of the temperate zone, along 2000 km transects in n...

Biological invasions pose a global challenge, affecting ecosystems worldwide and human societies. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of invasive species is critical to understanding their current invasion success and projecting their future spread. However, to date, few studies have addressed the evolutionary history and potential future spread of invaders simultaneously. In this study, we explored both evolutionary history...

Like alien plant invasion, range expansion of native plants may threaten biodiversity and economies, rendering them native invaders. Variation in abiotic and biotic conditions across a large geographic scale greatly affects variation in traits and interactions with herbivores of native plant invaders, which is an interesting yet mostly unexplored issue. We used a common garden experiment to compare defensive/nutritional traits...

Inorganic carbon is an important component of soil carbon stocks, exerting a profound influence on climate change and ecosystem functioning. Drylands account for approximately 80% of the global soil inorganic carbon (SIC) pool within the top 200 cm. Despite its paramount importance, the components of SIC and their contributions to CO 2 fluxes have been largely overlooked, resulting in notable gaps in understanding its distribu...

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem and has important ecological value. It is also one of the main fishery resources in the Southern Ocean with high economic value. In recent years, with the development of krill fishery and rapid climate change, the conservation and management of krill resources have faced unprecedented challenges. The krill resource is different from the general...