Duloxetine is a clinical drug that is primarily used for treatment of depression and pain, but it has side effects of addiction and tolerance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is its metabolic enzyme, and the drug’s biofunction results from its neuro-protective effect in animal and cell models. We aimed to investigate the duloxetine-induced neural cytotoxicity effect and its performance in an N2a cell neurite outgrowth model. Cell death...

General anesthesia severely affects the metabolites in the brain. Glycogen, principally stored in astrocytes and providing the short-term delivery of substrates to neurons, has been implicated as an affected molecule. However, whether glycogen plays a pivotal role in modulating anesthesia–arousal remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that isoflurane-anesthetized mice exhibited dynamic changes in the glycogen levels in various...

The variation trends in surface relative humidity (RH) are analyzed from 1961 to 2015 in China and its eight subregions based on monthly mean surface RH data from 2,474 stations provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of China (NMIC). The annual mean surface RH is 59% in China, with a clear maximum and minimum in South China (SC, 80%) and over the Tibetan Plateau (TP, 45%). From 1961 to 2002, the regional RH...

Soil nutrient contents and organic carbon (C) stability are key indicators for restoration of degraded grassland. However, the effects of long‐term active restoration of extremely degraded grassland on soil parameters have been equivocal. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of active restoration of degraded alpine grassland on: (a) soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization; and (b) the importance of biotic factor...

Grazing by livestock greatly affects the soil carbon (C) cycle in grassland ecosystems. However, the effects of grazing at different intensities and durations on the dynamics of soil C in its subsoil layers are not clearly understood. Here, we compiled data from 78 sites (in total 122 published studies) to examine the effects of varying grazing intensities and durations on soil C content at different depths for grasslands in C...

In the process of repairing a damaged jacket with a grouting clamp, it is necessary to analyze the bearing capacity of the damaged structure to determine whether it meets requirements for maintenance and reinforcement. On the basis of previous research results, this paper proposes a design scheme of a grouting clamp based on wedge gripping, which can effectively improve the local bearing capacity of the jacket by more than 35%...