Wing–diesel hybrid ships are a practical approach to sustainable maritime transport that harnesses wind energy to supplement diesel propulsion and reduce carbon emissions. The core optimization problem addressed in this study is the global energy efficiency optimization of path planning and propulsion system cooperative control for wing–diesel hybrid ships under two typical sail operation statuses (sail-deployed and sail-stowe...

With the expansion of automated container terminals (ACTs), joint scheduling among multiple types of equipment has become a critical factor affecting operational efficiency. This study investigates a joint scheduling optimization problem of quay cranes (QCs) and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) by considering AGV battery swapping strategies under spare battery constraints. With the objective of minimizing the final task comple...