The Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition Zone (KOTZ) serves as a vital dynamic interface between the warm Kuroshio Extension and the cold Oyashio Current. However, severe sea conditions with strong ocean currents, winds and waves pose challenges for sustained in situ observations of both oceanic and atmospheric variables. This paper introduces the China Kuroshio Extension Observatory (CKEO), a moored observatory program designed for lo...

Efficient cleaning of floating waste using an intelligent unmanned surface vehicle is an important development trend in inland water governance. Path planning is the core of the decision-making module for unmanned surface vehicle waste cleaning and is key to achieving autonomous operation of the unmanned surface vehicle. However, due to the complexity and dynamic changes of the water surface environment, unmanned surface vehic...