Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is indispensable for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and transcription, governing cellular bioenergetics. Despite its known physiological importance, TFAM plays a complex and often paradoxical role in cancer biology. This study integrates pan-cancer bioinformatics analyses with experimental evidence to comprehensively elucidate TFAM’s multifaceted impact on tumorigenesis. We sy...