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Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · 2025 · Vol. 13 · Issue 4 · MDPI
The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system is characterized by limited bandwidth, while continuous phase modulation (CPM) offers a constant envelope, improving power and spectrum utilization efficiency. However, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) poses a significant challenge in CPM-based UWA communication. Traditional CPM frequency domain equalization (FDE) combined with simple phase detection neglects the inheren...