Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) is a pervasive freshwater pollutant, yet its toxicity to the fish gallbladder remains poorly understood. This study investigated the toxicological impacts of 2.5 and 25 μg/L B[a]P on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using histological, transcriptomic, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses. Results showed that the gallbladder is a primary site for B[a]P accumulation. High B[a]P concentrations c...

Methanogenic endosymbionts are the only known intracellular archaeans and are especially common in anaerobic ciliated protists. Studies on the evolution of associations between anaerobic ciliates and their methanogenic endosymbionts offer an excellent opportunity to broaden our knowledge about symbiosis theory and adaptation of eukaryotes to anoxic environments. Here, the diversity of methanogenic endosymbionts was analyzed wi...