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Dryland ecosystems cover 41% of Earth's land surfaces, account for 44% of cultivated lands and 60% of food sources, and make large contributions to the global water and carbon cycles. However, these ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented extremes including heatwaves, floods, and droughts as well as hotter temperatures and often declining water resource availability. These ecosystems are some of the most challenging to monit...
Population Genomics of a Cosmopolitan Weed Provides Insights Into Its Local Adaptation and Recent Demographic HistoryNARA Subscribed
Invasive plant species present a growing ecological and economic challenge, and often adapt rapidly to their novel environments through complex demographic and evolutionary processes. Invasion genomics offers powerful tools to disentangle these processes, but most studies rely on geographically narrow sampling across native and non‐native ranges. Erigeron canadensis is a cosmopolitan weed native to North America that has succe...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Environmental factors shape the distributions of organisms and their underlying patterns of genetic variation. When climate changes rapidly, organisms that are adapted to current environments may become maladapted to future climates. Long‐lived tree species are especially susceptible to climate maladaptation due to their sessile nature and long generation times. Understanding how foundational tree species will respond to futur...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
A worldwide climatology of extreme air massesNARA Subscribed
Extreme temperature events are among the most damaging weather phenomena. In a warming world, more heat extremes and fewer cold extremes are expected in most regions in the future, a trade-off that warrants further understanding of such events. Here, we track and analyze large, persistent areas of hot and cold extreme temperatures in parallel, relative to the location and time of year, to quantify overall regional exposure to...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Multiple studies have reported genetic evidence of crop‐to‐wild introgression in phenotypically wild accessions of wild barley ( Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum ). We examined 318 Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) accessions for evidence of introgression from domesticated barley. Using SNP genotyping data, we performed local ancestry inference between the WBDC accessions and domesticated barley to identify genomic region...
Changing fire regimes have important implications for biodiversity and challenge traditional conservation approaches that rely on historical conditions as proxies for ecological integrity. This historical‐centric approach becomes increasingly tenuous under climate change, necessitating direct tests of environmental impacts on biodiversity. At the same time, widespread departures from historical fire regimes have limited the ab...