Biotherapeutic products have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of numerous complex to manage diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. When compared with small molecules (pharmaceuticals), this class of therapeutic agents has proven to be more effective and, in general, have fewer side effects. However, they are more expensive (typically 10–1000 times more) and this limits their global a...

Introduction Coral reefs are among the most vital and diverse ecosystems on the planet, providing habitats for marine life, supporting fisheries, and protecting coastlines. However, they are increasingly threatened by outbreaks of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS), a coral-eating predator capable of causing large-scale reef destruction. Traditional monitoring methods rely on manual diver surveys, which are time-consuming, labour...