Incorporating plantain into grazed pasture swards is proposed as an approach to reduce nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. However, consideration must be given to potential emission-swapping, such as a reduction in soil carbon (C), which can contribute to increases in atmospheric CO 2 . We compared the net ecosystem C balance (NECB) of two adjacent newly-sown paddocks (~ 3 ha each) of (i) traditional ryegrass and whi...

In 2020, the Australian and New Zealand flux research and monitoring network, OzFlux, celebrated its 20 th anniversary by reflecting on the lessons learned through two decades of ecosystem studies on global change biology. OzFlux is a network not only for ecosystem researchers, but also for those ‘next users’ of the knowledge, information and data that such networks provide. Here, we focus on eight lessons across topics of cli...

Summary Xenorhabdus bovienii (SS‐2004) bacteria reside in the intestine of the infective‐juvenile (IJ) stage of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema jollieti. The recent sequencing of the X. bovienii genome facilitates its use as a model to understand host – symbiont interactions. To provide a biological foundation for such studies, we characterized X. bovienii in vitro and host interaction phenotypes. Within the nematod...

Only 4% of 600 particles slid on or adhered to buccopharyngeal surfaces of Oreochromis esculentus . Only a minute quantity of mucus was visible during feeding (0·6% of 68 224 video frames; 30 frames s –1 ), and very few particles were retained in this mucus. Filtration by mucus entrapment on the branchial arches is rejected as a mechanism of particle retention in this species. Since particles contacted the branchial arches inf...