The interaction between plants and their surrounding soil ecosystems is complex, with plant–soil feedback acting as legacy effects from previous plants, influencing subsequent plant growth and insect interactions. Recent studies have shown that experiments focusing on individual factors in isolation do not accurately predict the outcomes of these complex interactions. Aboveground herbivores impact the development of root exuda...

Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of o...