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Cryptomelane (K-OMS-2) (K(Mn 4+ , Mn 2+ ) 8 O 16 ) is a manganese-oxide mineral that is abundant in soils and rock coatings globally and is gaining importance in materials science and industrial mineralogy. The crystal structure is composed of 2 × 2 octahedra that creates a tunnel space for K + . Low-weight percent (wt%) europium (Eu)-doped, high-wt% Eu-doped, low-wt% cerium (Ce)-doped, and high-wt% Ce-doped cryptomelane were...
Crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS: Acanthaster spp.) remain one of the foremost causes of coral mortality on coral reefs throughout the Indo West-Pacific, and recurrent population irruptions compound upon other major disturbances, especially climate-induced coral bleaching. Renewed scientific and management interest in CoTS stems from both the initiation of new and renewed population irruptions and sustained degradation of coral...
The ecological effects of high densities of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) are driven by their cumulative feeding pressure on coral assemblages, making accurate predictions of feeding impacts essential for management. Despite this, a limited understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of feeding behaviour, and the environmental and biological drivers underlying them constrains our capacity to predict feedin...
A quantitative comparison of tools for monitoring the abundance of crown-of-thorns starfish and coral coverNARA Subscribed
Effective monitoring of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) populations and coral cover is critical for informing management of COTS outbreaks throughout their tropical Indo-Pacific range, including Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. However, existing monitoring tools such as manta tow and cull diver surveys have well-known limitations including accuracy and resource demands. This study evaluates a range of monitoring tools for asses...
The Great Barrier Reef, like most reef ecosystems, is increasingly subject to major acute disturbances, including population irruptions of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) and climate-induced coral bleaching. Given their increasing incidence, acute disturbances are likely to occur simultaneously or successively, though interactive effects of major disturbances are generally unknown. This study explores changes in the feeding be...
Despite extensive research on the western Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS; Acanthaster cf. solaris ), especially from Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), there are persistent knowledge gaps that constrain understanding and management. Given renewed population irruptions of CoTS on the GBR, alongside escalating climate impacts and direct anthropogenic pressures, a quantitative assessment of knowledge gaps was undertake...
Increased disease prevalence in a warming peripheral reef setting (Abu Dhabi, Persian/Arabian Gulf)NARA Subscribed
Coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) are subject to extreme heat stress. Moreover, effects of temperature-induced bleaching on local coral assemblages are being further compounded by coral disease. This manuscript explores taxonomic and seasonal variation in disease prevalence, at Ras Ghanada, Abu Dhabi, from 2010 to 2024. Thirty-two image-based surveys were conducted across winter, spring, and summer seasons which lo...
Different Beta‐Diversity Frameworks Reveal Contrasting Roles of Species Abundance Distributions and Spatial AggregationNARA Subscribed
Aim Determining why community composition changes from place‐to‐place (spatial β‐diversity) is central to advancing biodiversity theory and conservation of threatened species. Spatial β‐diversity can occur most simply due to random sampling effects from the larger species‐pool, such as the random placement and distribution of individuals and species. However, ecological processes can also generate intraspecific aggregation cha...
Main conclusion Almond trees prioritize C to yield rather than stem growth, and their overall lower NSC stores compared to forest trees may have consequences for resilience under environmental variability. Abstract Perennial tree crops store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) as energy reserves that can be used to persist during both predictable periods of reduced activity like dormancy and more unpredictable periods associate...
Smallholder households across rural sub-Saharan Africa often rely on goats to support their livelihoods, food security, and financial security, and as a risk mitigation strategy. Across the region, goat health and performance outcomes vary greatly, and it is often difficult to quantify the impact of the animal health-nutrition nexus on livelihood outcomes. Two socio-economic surveys were conducted to this end in Botswana. Firs...
Limited detectability of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) undermines the capacity to survey and manage population irruptions, though few studies have considered the factors that influence detectability. This study explores spatiotemporal variation in detectability of CoTS during emerging population irruptions in four regions of the Northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), by comparing recorded densities based on the number of CoTS si...
Understanding the diversity of our oceans is fundamental now more than ever as climate change and human activities put increasing pressure on marine species and ecosystems. Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are among the most poorly understood marine mammals, in part due to their affinity to offshore underwater canyons and prolonged diving ability. The ziphiid genus Berardius is comprised of three extant species; however, a lac...
The Integration of Fire Ecology and Freshwater Ecosystems in North America: Knowledge Gaps and Research NeedsNARA Subscribed
Wildfires, unplanned fires that start and spread under the influence of weather and fuel composition, are increasing in frequency, duration, and severity across North America. While wildfires are one component of wildland fire, a broader natural process in many ecosystems, their changing behavior poses growing ecological and management challenges. Although wildfire is widely recognized as an important disturbance, empirical re...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...