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Horizon scans identify potential changes, enabling proactive rather than reactive conservation strategies. Here, in a follow up to the 2020 horizon scan, 14 biodiversity professionals from different sectors identify ten emerging issues potentially relevant to biodiversity conservation in South Africa over the next 5–10 years. The issues identified highlight three critical needs: adaptive governance systems, cross-sectoral coll...
The megaherbivore concept suggests that mammals >1000 kg are insensitive to predation as adults. Consequently, their space use should be largely driven by resources. This does not account for the fact that megaherbivores have been hunted by humans for >100,000 years and likely evolved innate responses against human predation. Recent studies indeed show that megaherbivores, such as elephants and rhino, strongly respond to human...
Objective This study investigated how cumulative environmental exposures influence offspring behaviour and inflammation-related molecular signatures in the brain and peripheral immune system. Methods A novel "triple-hit" mouse model was developed using C57Bl/6JAusB mice (N = 70), combining preconceptual social stress, antenatal high-fat diet, and a postnatal immune challenge (poly(I:C), 10 mg/kg). At 12 weeks, offspring underw...
Although cratons owe their longevity to thick, depleted and consequently buoyant sub-continental lithospheric mantle, their extents are commonly indicated by the known distribution of crustal rocks. However, the limits of a mapped cratonic area often do not match the seismically imaged thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle roots. New mantle xenolith petrology and geochemistry, combined with continental scale geophysical da...
Aotearoa New Zealand’s marine carbon cycle in a changing climate – Current understanding and future directionsNARA Subscribed
The marine system plays a critical role in the global climate cycle, as a major control of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Marine primary production (photosynthesis) and remineralisation of organic carbon (respiration, degradation) determine the amount of CO 2 sequestered in marine sediments and deep‐water environments on century to millennial timescales. The stocks and fluxes of the marine carbon cycle are susceptible to...
Xanthium cockle burrs are invasive weeds in many countries, affecting local ecosystems and agriculture. All Xanthium in Australia are naturalised weeds from multiple overseas sources, but their taxonomic identities are contentious. In particular, species identities of four burr varieties or “complexes” under Xanthium section Xanthium in Australia are unclear. These complexes, commonly referred to as “Noogoora”, “Californian”,...
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R packag...
A Probabilistic View of Forbidden Links: Their Prevalence and Their Consequences for the Robustness of Plant–Hummingbird CommunitiesNARA Subscribed
The presence in ecological communities of unfeasible species interactions, termed forbidden links, due to physiological or morphological exploitation barriers has been long debated, but little direct evidence has been found. Forbidden links are likely to make ecological communities less robust to species extinctions, stressing the need to assess their prevalence. Here, we used a dataset of plant–hummingbird interactions, coupl...
Seagrass wasting disease prevalence and lesion area increase with invertebrate grazing across the northeastern PacificNARA Subscribed
Disease is a key driver of community and ecosystem structure, especially when it strikes foundation species. In the widespread marine foundation species eelgrass ( Zostera marina ), outbreaks of wasting disease have caused large‐scale meadow collapse in the past, and the causative pathogen, Labyrinthula zosterae , is commonly found in meadows globally. Research to date has mainly focused on abiotic environmental drivers of sea...
Defining an ageing-related pathology, disease or syndrome: International Consensus StatementNARA Subscribed
Around the world, individuals are living longer, but an increased average lifespan does not always equate to an increased health span. With advancing age, the increased prevalence of ageing-related diseases can have a significant impact on health status, functional capacity and quality of life. It is therefore vital to develop comprehensive classification and staging systems for ageing-related pathologies, diseases and syndrom...
Performance of Orbicella faveolata larval cohorts does not align with previously observed thermal tolerance of adult source populationsNARA Subscribed
Orbicella faveolata , commonly known as the mountainous star coral, is a dominant reef‐building species in the Caribbean, but populations have suffered sharp declines since the 1980s due to repeated bleaching and disease‐driven mortality. Prior research has shown that inshore adult O. faveolata populations in the Florida Keys are able to maintain high coral cover and recover from bleaching faster than their offshore counterpar...
Six years of demography data for 11 reef coral speciesNARA Subscribed
Scleractinian corals are colonial animals with a range of life‐history strategies, making up diverse species assemblages that define coral reefs. We tagged and tracked ~30 colonies from each of 11 species during seven trips spanning 6 years (2009–2015) to measure their vital rates and competitive interactions on the reef crest at Trimodal Reef, Lizard Island, Australia. Pairs of species were chosen from five growth forms in wh...
The movement ecology of fishesNARA Subscribed
Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually ( e.g. , foraging) with potential knock‐on effects throughout the ecosystem ( e.g. , food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest i...
The world’s largest extant fish, the whale shark Rhincodon typus , is one of the most-studied species of sharks globally. The discovery of predictable aggregation sites where these animals gather seasonally or are sighted year-round – most of which are coastal and juvenile-dominated – has allowed for a rapid expansion of research on this species. The most common method for studying whale sharks at these sites is photographic i...