Soil salinization and insect herbivory pose significant threats to global food security. While biocontrol agents like parasitoid wasps are a key pest management strategy, their efficacy may be compromised by abiotic stressors cascading through trophic levels. This study investigates the tri-trophic interactions among tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum ), the caterpillar pest Helicoverpa zea , and its specialist endoparasitoi...

Intensive irrigation with untreated wastewater significantly increases soil heavy metal contamination and associated environmental hazards, thereby exacerbating public health risks in peri-urban regions worldwide. This study presents an integrated spatial-toxicological assessment of heavy metal contamination in peri-urban soils of northern India irrigated with untreated wastewater (SWW) and groundwater (SGW). Soil samples were...

Long‐term economic analyses of variable rate irrigation (VRI) strategies were performed compared with uniform irrigation management (UIM) in a reference production field using the AquaCrop model. Five strategies to trigger irrigation were as follows: (Field Capacity‐VRI, Driest Soil Trigger‐VRI, Water Mining‐VRI, Conventional Uniform Irrigation Management (CUIM) and field‐averaged uniform method (Aggregated Uniform Irrigation...