The anticipated empirical consumption level of a target (prey) species by its predators is an important variable when implementing the constant biomass escapement strategy in fisheries management. For a single predator, the projection of empirical consumption will depend, among others, on projected distribution in space–time of the predator, degree of predator overlap with prey, and considerations of fluctuating environmental...

This paper presents a modeling framework for simulating capelin spawning migration in the Barents Sea by integrating artificial neural networks (ANNs), a genetic algorithm (GA), an individual-based model (IBM), and environmental variables. ANNs determine movement direction based on inputs like temperature and ocean currents and are trained using a GA whose fitness function dynamically adapts to temperature and proximity to spa...