Three Closed Transfer Systems (CTS) were evaluated for their reduction of operator exposure to plant protection products during mixing and loading: the inverted extraction systems, easyFlow M and easyconnect, and the probe extraction system, GoatThroat ® . Exposure data were generated for gloves, hands, head, inner and outer body dosimeters generated in 4 European countries for high rate (Sorbitol) and low rate (Xylitol) surro...

This study deals with the efficient, low-cost, and scalable treatment of oily polluted waters including colloidal emulsions, oil-in-water mixtures, and free oil removal using melamine foams (MFs) modified by ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ). Modified foams have superhydrophobic character due to the coordination of Fe 3+ with free electron pairs on nitrogen and oxygen atoms within the melamine structure. The water contact angles (WCA)...

There are stringent EU regulatory requirements to assess pesticide exposure to bystanders and residents to direct spray drift. A “light clothing” adjustment factor (AF) of 0.82 is applied in the exposure assessment, based on simple assumptions for covered body surface and penetration through clothing. To assess the appropriateness of the AF, we collated data from 32 field studies. The mean and 25th percentile % reduction from...