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Environmental and demographic mechanisms underlying population dynamics provide relative stability in an island songbirdNARA Subscribed
Understanding demographic and ecological mechanisms underlying population dynamics is a key goal in population ecology and can inform effective conservation and management. Species may be well adapted to persist under normal ranges of environmental conditions, but increasingly novel conditions due to climate change may strain their demographic buffering mechanisms. Small isolated populations on islands are expected to be espec...
The U.S. Ecosystem‐Based Fisheries Management Policy and Road Map: Assessing Progress and Applying Lessons LearnedNARA Subscribed
The need for ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) is growing more urgent as environmental changes, species shifts, new ocean uses, and other factors force oceans toward novel states. In the United States, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) developed an EBFM Policy in 2016, accompanied by a Road Map of 49 action items, to support marine ecosystem‐based...
The Judas technique is often used in control or eradication of particular vertebrate pests. The technique exploits the tendency of individuals to form social groups. A radio collar is affixed to an individual and its subsequent monitoring facilitates the detection of other conspecifics. Efficacy of this technique would be improved if managers could estimate the probability that a Judas individual would detect conspecifics. To...
Unbound Brain-to-Plasma Partition Coefficient, Kp,uu,brain—a Game Changing Parameter for CNS Drug Discovery and DevelopmentNARA Subscribed
Purpose More than 15 years have passed since the first description of the unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient (K p,uu,brain ) by Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes, which was enabled by advancements in experimental methodologies including cerebral microdialysis. Since then, growing knowledge and data continue to support the notion that the unbound (free) concentration of a drug at the site of action, such as the brai...
Habitat‐linked genetic variation supports microgeographic adaptive divergence in an island‐endemic bird speciesNARA Subscribed
We investigated the potential mechanisms driving habitat‐linked genetic divergence within a bird species endemic to a single 250‐km 2 island. The island scrub‐jay ( Aphelocoma insularis ) exhibits microgeographic divergence in bill morphology across pine–oak ecotones on Santa Cruz Island, California (USA), similar to adaptive differences described in mainland congeners over much larger geographic scales. To test whether indivi...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Disentangling the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in maintaining phenotypic variation across environmental gradients is challenging in natural populations. Song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) on the California Channel Islands occupy a pronounced east‐west climate gradient within a small spatial scale, providing a unique opportunity to examine the interaction of genetic isolation (reduced gene flow) and the environmen...
Climate Change Implications for Tidal Marshes and Food Web Linkages to Estuarine and Coastal NektonNARA Subscribed
Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal fl...
Seawater transmission and infection dynamics of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV) in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )NARA Subscribed
The Tasmanian salmon industry had remained relatively free of major viral diseases until the emergence of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV). Originally isolated from wild pilchards, POMV is of concern to the industry as it can cause high mortality in farmed salmon ( Salmo salar ). Field observations suggest the virus can spread from pen to pen and between farms, but evidence of passive transmission in sea water was unclear. Our a...