This study investigated the interactive effects of dietary fat levels and selenium–vitamin E (Se + VE) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus . The fish were fed diets containing 5%, 10%, or 15% lipids with or without Se + VE supplementation over a 60-day experimental period. Growth metrics, including final weight, weight gain, average dai...

Intensified aquaculture practices have increased the vulnerability of farmed fish to infectious pathogens, highlighting nutritional strategies to increase health and reduce antibiotic reliance. Dietary antioxidants such as Nigella sativa (NI) and carvacrol (CA) have shown potential as functional feed additives because of their synergistic effects under bacterial challenge. This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation w...