With the growth in total trade volume and the scale of shipping fleets, maritime accidents have occurred frequently, most of which are attributed to human errors. Consequently, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) have attracted widespread attention. The core technology enabling autonomous decision-making in autonomous ships is the route planning algorithm; however, there is currently a lack of a unified classification fra...

The sound speed profile (SSP) is a core environmental parameter for underwater acoustic detection, navigation, communication, and other applications. However, its accurate acquisition is constrained by the sparsity of observational data and the ill-posed nature of inversion problems. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of SSP inversion under sparse observation constraints. The review traces the technical ev...

River deltas are formed by the interaction of connecting water and sediment, and they are among the most economically and ecologically valuable ecosystems on Earth. Because of their special locations, together with direct and indirect human interference, river deltas are expected to be more vulnerable and fragmented. The increasing fragmentation of deltas is largely due to longitudinal hydrological connectivity disruption caus...