Purpose of Review Bark beetle outbreaks are intensifying under climate change, yet the links among drought stress, beetle attack and colonization, rapid tree mortality, and tree physiology, remain poorly integrated across disciplines. This review provides a comprehensive, mechanistic synthesis of recent advances in tree physiology, bark beetle ecology, and microbial interactions to examine how drought alters xylem–phloem funct...

Mass outbreaks of the European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus ) have increased in both frequency and severity over the last two decades, with major ecological and economic consequences for European forests. To maintain the functionality of forests for future generations and mitigate climate change effects, comprehensive and operational bark beetle risk assessment is key for proactive and reactive forest management. Here,...

Resilience and functionality of European Norway spruce forests are increasingly threatened by mass outbreaks of the bark beetle Ips typographus promoted by heat, wind throw and drought. Here, we review current knowledge on Norway spruce and I. typographus interactions from the perspective of drought-stressed trees, host selection, colonisation behaviour of beetles, with multi-level effects of symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi. By...